中草药提取物对蜜蜂屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)的抑制作用研究

为了观察中草药对蜜蜂屎肠球菌（Entorococcus faecium）的体外抑菌效果，选用14种中草药按常规法制备水提物，用纸片法和试管二倍稀释法检测中草药水提物对蜜蜂屎肠球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明，所选14种中草药中9种对蜜蜂屎肠球菌有中度以上抑菌作用，其中大青叶的抑菌作用最强，其次是黄连、金银花、黄芪、黄芩、大黄、板篮根、淫羊藿和青蒿。     

中西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外试验研究

应用细胞培养的方法观辑了40味中药和4种西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外活性。结果表明，40味中药中15味有一定的治疗效果，药物选择指数在2．29—13．3之间；18味有一定的预防效果，药物选择指数在2．21—69．4之间；4种西药中仅利巴韦林有治疗和预防效果，药物选择指数分别为433．3和343．7。     

4味中药及其与抗菌药的复方制剂的MIC测定

用改进的试管两倍稀释法测定了黄连、鱼腥草、大青叶和苦参4味中药及其相互配伍（1：1）对标准大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和4味中药与抗菌药配伍（1000：1）对临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明，4味中药及其相互配伍对大肠杆菌标准株有一定的抑制作用，其MIC值介于3．91—62．50mg／mL之间，其中大青叶和鱼腥草以1：l配伍对大肠杆菌抑菌效果最好，MIC为3．91mg／mL；对临床分离株，单方药中黄连抑菌效果最好，MIC为31．25mg／mL，24种复方药中，黄连和盐酸多西环素或加替沙星以1000：1配伍的抑菌效果最好，其MIC为3．91mg／mL。     

白头翁药理作用研究进展

综述了白头翁抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能、抗炎、抗病原微生物、抗寄生虫、保肝及毒性等方面的药理作用。     

中药"增免散"对肉鸡免疫器官及生长发育的影响

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏200只随机分4组，“增免散”按饲料量0．5％、1％、1．5％分别添加到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，对照组为Ⅳ组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组从第7天开始投药，各组于第7、21天用LaSota活苗免疫，然后于第7、14、28、49天测定血液中HI抗体水平，并检测“增免散”对免疫器官和生长发育的影响。结果表明，中药“增免散”按1％、1．5％添加能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的HI抗体水平，延长其持续时间，能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育，并能促进肉鸡的生长发育，提高饲料转化率。     

控释氮肥对菜薹(菜心)产量和品质的影响

通过田间试验研究了等氮量的4种不同包膜材料的控释氮肥对菜薹(菜心)产量和品质的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥能显著提高菜心产量和品质,与同期施用等氮量普通尿素相比,施用控释氮肥可使菜心产量提高19.1%～28.2%;其中PDU处理的效果最好,不但产量最高,而且VC和可溶性蛋白质含量也最高,硝酸盐含量最低。     

菜薹(菜心)土壤氮营养诊断指标及合理施氮量

在不同地点,不同肥力水平的菜园土上进行菜薹(菜心)氮肥田间试验,经过对17个试验点菜心相对产量与土壤碱解氮含量的相关统计分析,并建立回归方程。结果表明:菜心产量与土壤碱解氮含量呈抛物线相关,在质地为中壤土的菜园上种植菜心,土壤碱解氮含量为146~277mg·kg-1时无需施氮,低于此范围应补充氮肥,超过此范围应控制施氮;菜心产量与施氮量呈抛物线相关,在低、中、高肥力水平的菜园土上种植菜心,要求菜心达到6433~6455、6633~6877、6733~7311kg·hm-2的产量水平,推荐氮肥用量分别为67~104、67~89、67~78kg·hm-2。     

Approaches to the management of inbreeding and relationship in the German Holstein dairy cattle population

The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of inbreeding in the German cow population and for bull dams born in Germany, to find out sires most related to different subsets of their breed and to demonstrate the negative effect of homozygosity in the case of complex vertebral malformation (CVM). Further on, the application of optimum genetic contribution (OGC) theory for the selection of bull dams and bull sires in different breeding scenarios was investigated. Levels of inbreeding for the cow population were in a low range from 0.97% to 1.70% evaluating birth years from 1996 to 1999 in a total dataset of 244,427 registered Holstein cows. The inbreeding coefficient of 8030 bull dams was much higher, i.e. 3.71%, for the birth year 1999. Increases in inbreeding of 0.19% per year indicated an effective population size of only 52 animals. Individual sires like R.O.R.A. Elevation and Hannoverhill Starbuck were highly related to potential bull dams with coefficients of relationship of 13.4% and 12.9%, respectively, whereas P.F. Arlinda Chief (16.3%) and Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell (16.1%) were highest related to the best available AI sires. Coefficients of relationship were calculated by classes of estimated breeding values (EBV) for production traits showing highest values above 7% in the two highest EBV-classes. The optimum genetic contribution theory using official EBVs and approximative, for zero inbreeding corrected EBVs, was applied for elite matings in a breeding program embracing 30 young bulls per year to find the optimal allocations of bull sires and bull dams. Compared with the actual breeding program applied in practice, OGC-theory has the potential to increase genetic gain under the same constraint for the increase of average relationship by 13.1%. A more relaxed constraint on increase in inbreeding allowed even higher expected genetic gain whereas a more severe constraint resulted in more equal contributions of selected bull sires. Contributions from 21 selected bull sires and 30 selected bull dams for a scenario at 5% constrained relationship were used to develop a specific mating plan to minimise inbreeding in the short term in the following generation applying a simulated annealing algorithm. The expected coefficient of inbreeding of progeny was 66.3% less then the one resulting from random mating. Mating programs can address inbreeding concerns on the farm, at least in the short term, but long-term control of inbreeding in a dairy population requires consideration of relationships between young bulls entering AI progeny test programs. Significantly better EBVs of CVM-free bulls compared with CVM-carriers for the paternal fertility justify the application of OGC for elite matings.     

缺镁对菜薹光合作用特性的影响

 研究了缺镁对菜薹光合作用特性的影响, 结果表明, 菜薹叶片净光合速率( Pn) 、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的日变化均呈单峰曲线变化, 且均随缺镁程度的加大而降低, 缺镁还使Pn的高峰提早出现; 缺镁降低了叶片的光补偿点、光饱和点和饱和光强下的Pn max; 缺镁使叶片的CO₂ 补偿点提高, CO₂ 饱和点下降(Mg 1 mmol·L ^{- 1} ) 或提高(Mg 0) , 饱和CO₂ 下的Pn max下降。菜薹叶片细胞间隙CO₂ 浓度的日变化、对光强和外界CO₂ 浓度的响应受缺镁处理的影响很小, 表明缺镁菜薹光合作用主要是受非气孔限制。     

无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂种的胚挽救技术研究

 通过无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂交, 获得了4个杂交组合的后代植株, 确定了各杂交组合取胚珠培养的最佳时期。1Flame ×山葡萄; 2红宝石×爱莫无核; 3红宝石×北醇; 4爱莫无核×山葡萄在授粉后45 d取样培养效果较佳; 5长穗无核白×山葡萄授粉后30 d; 6无核白自交在授粉后35 d培养效果较佳。以NitSchs为基本培养基, 附加0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L^-1 GA₃ + 2.5 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA + 0.1 mg·L^-1ZT, 适合于1、3、5号杂交组合; 而0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L^-1 GA₃ + 2.0 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.1 mg·L^-1ZT适合2、4、6号杂交组合; 胚萌发培养基为2.0 mg·L^-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA +0.2 mg·L^-1 GA₃ , 适合1、2、3、5、6号杂交组合, 而爱莫×山葡萄在1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L^-1 GA₃培养基上表现较佳, 生根培养基为1 /2MS基本培养基添加0.15 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L^-1 6-BA, 它适合1号与5号组合, 0.10 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L^-1 6-BA适合4号与6号组合。