Determination of the genetic variation in the effect of temperature and daylength on bolting of Brassica campestris L.

Summary Effects of temperature and daylength on the bolting of a number of B. campestris accessions were investigated both in the open and in the IVT phytotron. From the results it was concluded that low temperature and genotype are the predominant factors with respect to bolting. Daylength has rather limited influence. One cultivar bolted more than 12 weeks earlier at 10 and 14°C than at 18°C. On the other hand some cultivars did not require vernalization at all.At 14°C and short daylength, depending on genotype, the period of time between sowing and 50% bolting ranged from 8 to 30 weeks. At this temperature the stimulating effect of long day (24 h), depending again on the genotype, ranged from 0 to 4 weeks. The genotypes most resistant to bolting appeared to be the stubble turnips (B. campestris ssp. rapa).In terms of seed(ling) vernalization at 5°C the cold requirement ranged from 0 to more than 3 weeks, depending on the genotype. The required vernalization periods at 5°C can be used as a criterion in screening for resistance to bolting.     

久保桃湿冷贮藏过程中生理生化指标的变化

研究了久保桃在温度1℃±1℃,相对湿度(RH)90%的湿冷保鲜贮藏条件下的几种生理生化指标的变化。试验结果表明,复合保鲜剂在湿冷贮藏条件下能有效地保持久保桃果实的采后品质,可明显抑制桃果实的可溶性固形物含量的增加和果实硬度的下降,降低果实褐变率,从而延缓大桃的成熟。     

大白菜抗根肿病基因位点CRa和CRb的分子标记鉴定

利用大白菜抗根肿病基因CRa和CRb分子标记(SC2930和KBr H129J18R)引物组,对78份大白菜材料进行抗根肿病分子标记鉴定。结果表明,在这78份材料中,有34份材料含有SC2930-T(CRa抗病标记)标记,其中杂合抗病位点材料17份,纯合抗病位点材料17份。有37份材料含有KBr H129J18R抗病标记,其中纯合抗病位点材料15份,杂合抗病位点材料22份。有20份材料不含有CRa和CRb所对应的抗病标记,23份材料含有2个抗病标记。该研究初步明确了78份参试大白菜材料所含抗根肿病基因CRa和CRb类型,为大白菜抗根肿病育种提供材料选择依据。     

Incidence and molecular markers of 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa Carr.

Microscopic examination, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region) molecular markers were employed to determine the incidence of 2n pollen (unreduced pollen) in Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) and to identify related molecular markers. The presence of a parallel and tripolar spindle at metaphase II and the absence of cytokinesis at telophase II were found to be determining factors in 2n pollen formation. A group of 298 clones that originated from their indigenous areas were investigated for the production of 2n pollen based on pollen size differences, both within a clone and between n and 2n pollen. Pollen grains were collected from 224 of the clones, six of which were subsequently determined to produce only normal pollen; the remainder produced 2n pollen at different frequencies (0.6–21.9%). The frequency at which 2n pollen was produced was significantly and highly significantly different among and within indigenous populations, respectively. Clones produced by the six normal and twenty-two 2n pollen clones were selected for AFLP analysis. Following an initial screening with 55 primer combinations, the E50-M38 (CAT/ACT) primer was identified: it generated a PCR fragment (246 bp) from the normal clones, but not from the 2n pollen producers. In addition, the E31-M50 (AAA/CAT)-amplified DNA fragment (204 bp) was present in 2n pollen producers, and absent in normal clones. These two discriminating AFLP markers were developed into easily detectable SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) markers which can be used in combination with previously developed AFLP markers to distinguish between normal and 2n pollen clones.     

利用次等红枣生产果醋的工艺研究

以残次红枣为原料，研究了红枣果醋生产的主要工艺及其参数。结果表明：红枣果醋酒精发酵采用液态带肉发酵，枣汁含糖量8%～14%，发酵菌种为葡萄酒酵母菌；醋酸发酵采用半固态回流发酵，接种发酵比自然发酵效果好，醋酸菌接种量5%；枣醋在95℃下加热2 min，冷却后用硅藻土过滤，澄清效果好。     

关于土壤系统分类中一些诊断层的鉴别

本文对中国土壤系统分类中的黏化层、雏形层、铁铝层和低活性富铁层的鉴别作进一步讨论。     

榆林市黄河沿岸土石山区枣树育苗技术

结合黄河沿岸土石山区干旱缺水,土壤贫瘠特点和育苗地缺乏的实际,总结了该区域比较适应的归圃育苗和根孽育苗两种育苗技术,主要包括苗圃地选择、育苗方法、苗木等级分类及起苗、包装、调运等关键技术。     

挖坑机造林使用效果分析

分析了BFW490型背负式挖坑机在福建省三明市梅列区陈大镇林场挖坑造林的使用效果。结果表明：利用挖坑机造林能够大幅度提高工作效率,当挖坑直径为200mm（以下简称1200）和300ram（以下简称1300）时的工效分别是人工挖坑处理（以下简称CKJL）的5．40倍和4．78倍。每667m^2（亩）植树造林单挖坑环节1200、J300处理比CKR分别节省1．38和1．36工日;投入成本j200、j300仅为CKR的40．4％和44．4％,72004300可以减少投入成本55．75元和52．01元。不同处理造林10年生生长量存在差异,挖坑采用j200、j300处理与CKR处理相比平均胸径分别提高了2．4％和4．8％;平均树高分别提高了3．8％和1．3％;蓄积量都提高了12．9％。在闽西北山地使用挖坑机造林是一条切实可行的造林新途径。     

土壤耕深对寒地山药生长发育及商品性状的影响

土壤耕作深度对山药的块根的生长存在着显著的影响,因此它直接影响着产品的商品率。商品性状主要是指商品块根的长度、粗度、形状、表面是否光滑、有无瘤状凸起等。试验通过对土壤不同耕作深度的处理,研究探索黑龙江高寒地区土壤耕作深度对寒地山药商品性状的影响,提高寒地山药的商品率和经济效益,为优质、高产栽培提供科学依据。试验表明：垄体深耕作有利于地下部块根的延长生长、加粗生长,能够显著提高山药的商品率和经济效益,土壤耕作深度以100cm以上为宜。     

中国森林公园旅游发展效率的比较与分析

借助数据包络分析方法(DEA),利用2003-2008年的数据,对我国森林公园发展效率进行研究,为我国森林公园旅游资源的优化配置和运行效率的提高提供参考依据.测算技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率以及Malmquist全要素生产率(TFP),比较中国31个省区间和东、中、西三大区域间的效率及TFP增长率.结果显示:省区间比较,上海、浙江等地区的效率最高,贵州、山西等地区的TFP增长率最高;三大区域间比较,东部地区的效率最高,中部地区的TFP增长率最大,西部地区的效率和TFP增长率都最低.最后,从要素投入、旅游吸引力、地方经济发展水平等几个方面对影响效率大小及其差异的原因进行理论上的探讨,提出继续加大对中西部地区资金扶持、对森林公园进行技术指导和人员培训等提高效率的对策.