年产3万m^3中密度纤维板生产线气力输送系统的设计

通过对年产3万m~3中密度纤维板生产线铺装成型工段气力输送系统的设计,以及在设计中注意管网平衡计算、合理选择系统的技术参数及输送装置,实现干纤维的回收及输送,保证中密度纤维板生产线的正常生产.     

煤焦油瓷漆防腐管道机械化生产与涂敷质量

煤焦油瓷漆作为良好的管道防腐材料已得到了广泛的使用。在施工作业中，采用人工浇涂的方法，不仅作业时间长，污染环境，而且涂敷质量难以保证，还造成了大量人力，物力，财力的浪费；采用机械化自动涂敷则具有明显的优势。     

水分和热胁迫处理对4种针叶树苗木气体交换和水分利用效率的影响

以杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏为研究对象 ,研究了水分和热胁迫对生长期间苗木的气体交换、瞬间水分利用效率和稳定碳同位素组成 (δ1 3C值 )等生理生态指标的影响 ,结果如下 :(1 )水分胁迫使杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏 4个树种的净光合速率显著下降。但热胁迫只影响杉木和北美乔柏的净光合速率 ,对马尾松的净光合速率影响不大。 (2 )对针叶气孔导度的研究发现 ,水分和热胁迫均对马尾松苗木针叶气孔导度有显著影响 ,但对杉木和北美乔柏苗木针叶的气孔导度只有轻微影响。 (3)水分和热胁迫处理对马尾松苗木的瞬间水分利用效率有显著影响 ,但对杉木和北美乔柏的瞬间水分利用效率无显著影响。 (4 )水分胁迫处理对杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏 4个树种的稳定碳同位素组成 (δ1 3C值 )均有显著影响 ,随着水分胁迫程度的加深 ,4个树种苗木针叶的δ1 3C值增大 (负值绝对值变小 ) ,说明其永久水分利用效率更高。 (5 )热胁迫对杉木和北美乔柏苗木针叶的δ1 3C值有显著影响 ,且在热胁迫下 ,两树种苗木针叶的δ1 3C值减小 (负值绝对值增大 ) ,即永久水分利用效率下降。但热胁迫对马尾松和花旗松苗木的δ1 3C值没有显著影响     

Response of gas exchange rates in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies firma</Emphasis> seedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

In order to clarify the chronic influence of acid fog on the gas exchange rates of momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) trees, we exposed them to simulated acid fog (pH 3) for 3 years. The composition of the acid fog was similar to that observed in a region where momi fir trees have been declining, and it contained organic acids. We then treated the firs with various additional stresses, such as drought, low temperature, fine root cutting, ozone exposure, soil acidification, nitrogen load, and rhizosphere aluminum stress. Under chronic exposure to acid fog, the momi fir seedlings exhibited a pattern of stomatal behavior whereby they excessively opened in summer and closed in winter. Furthermore, the stomata of these seedlings tended to open during drought stress, and their needles were visibly injured after ozone exposure. The net photosynthesis rates of the seedlings exposed to acid fog were regulated by their stomatal aperture, rather than directly by acid fog. These results suggest that acid fog exposure disturbs the control of stomatal function in the momi fir seedlings. In addition, we found that chronic acid fog exposure suppressed the decrease in net photosynthesis rate, due to its nitrogen load.     

笼养东方白鹳繁殖行为观察

东方白鹳是世界濒危物种,其繁殖行为释放是一系列反射活动。本文采用行为描述法和行为实验法,定时对哈尔滨动物园笼养东方白鹳繁殖行为进行观察的结果显示,在整个繁殖期内依次出现的是发情、交配、营巢、孵化等行为,孵化不呈现明显的节律性,在孵化过程中有明显的换孵规律。     

Classifying tree planters and non planters in a subsistence farming system using a discriminant analytical approach

Since the 1970s tree planting has been promoted to meet the multipurpose needs of subsistence farmers and to arrest deforestation in many developing countries. Financial support and extension systems were developed as tree growing outside the forest became more important. The limited success of the forest extension approaches used in the 1980s has been attributed to the failure to ascertain householders' priorities and attitudes to tree growing. Although the broader theoretical paradigm of factors influencing householders' planting of trees has been discussed household and regional level analyses are rare. This study used discriminant analysis to assess the extent to which social and economic factors affect smallholder farmer tree planting in Orissa, eastern India. The validity of the predictive model to define the different groups was tested by assessing the accuracy of classification. The significance of the factors was probed using the identified variables in the discriminant functions developed for smallholder farmers in the coastal and inland zones of Orissa. The results contradicted some common assumptions that only large landowners with a substantial income are innovators. The likelihood of adopting agroforestry is dependent on the progressive attitude of farmers, membership of village organisations, their wealth status and, more importantly, their perceived risk concerning agricultural production. This approach enables tree planters and non-planters to be characterised and hence give better targetting of planning and social forestry programmes.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中东欧前社会主义国家森林私有化概况与发展趋势

概括介绍了中东欧前社会主义国家林权私有化的现状、面临的种种挑战和发展趋势。     

杨树超短轮伐期经营的生产力及材性的研究

以美洲黑杨２个无性系为供试材料，研究杨树超短轮伐期经营中地上部分生物量生产、分配模式、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量及材性。结果表明，在３种密度和３种轮伐期的组合中，２个无性系均以造林密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１、轮伐期为３年的林分生物生产力最高，Ｉ－６９杨为１０．５２ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨约为１２．００ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１；在生物量的分配比率和作为造纸材的经济生物量上也以这种组合模式最为合理，经济生物量最大，Ｉ－６９杨为７．１４ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为８·４７ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１。养分输出量的多少与林分的生物量生产和分配比率密切相关。轮伐期为３年，密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１的林分Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量最高，Ｉ－６９杨为３３．９７ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为３８．５０ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，但ＮＬ－８０３５１杨每生产１吨经济生物量所输出的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ总量略低于Ｉ－６９杨。杨树超短轮伐期经营中生产出的木材都可用作中、低档的造纸原料，其中Ｉ－６９杨的制浆性能优于ＮＬ－８０３５１杨。     

成品糠醛微量水分测定方法的研究

本文报道了用气相色谱法和卡尔、费休法测定成品糠醛微量水分的研究。着重论述了两种方法的准确度和精密度,并用甲苯蒸馏法作了对照。研究结果证明:这两种方法的准确度和精密度均较高,用于测定糠醛微量水分是可行的。测定优级品糠醛水分范围的结果都比甲苯蒸馏法为高,测定一级品糠醛水分范围的结果都比甲苯蒸馏法为低的偏差规律。