鲐鱼鱼精中5_脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺

论述了用桔青霉PenicilliumcitrinumM71菌株,经液体培养制得的5＇-磷酸二酯酶降解鲐鱼鱼精DNA成5＇-脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺.分离采用201×8阴离子交换树脂,具体条件为柱床高l05mm,柱床直径45mm,样品浓度213mg@mL-1,洗脱流速0.5mL@cm-2@min-1.分离结果表明,采用0.005MHCl+0.04MNaCl作洗脱刺,流速为0.7mL@cm-2@min-1时,四种5'-脱氧核苷酸组分能完全被洗脱下来,且呈一个大峰,同其它成分分开,再先后采用0.0018MHCl、0.0028MHCl、0.036MNaCl(pH6.0)、0.005MHCl+0.02MNaCl作洗脱剂时,则能分别将dCMP、dAMP、TMP、dGMP完全分离.     

夏季东海水团变动特征及对鲐鲹渔场的影响

应用模糊聚类方法，采集东海30个站表层及底层1996-1998年夏季的水温（T）、盐度（S）、溶解氧（DO）、磷（P）、三态氮（N）、硅（Si)、pH值等九个指标的测样数据，对东海水团进行划分，其表层水团配置为大陆沿岸冲淡水（I），黄东海混合水团（Ⅱ）台湾暖流水（Ⅲ），黑潮表层水（Ⅳ）等水团，底层水团配置为黑潮次表层水团（Ⅴ），黄海冷水团（Ⅵ），台湾暖流水（Ⅲ）等水团，并分析了1996-1998年夏季由大陆径流和外海水团热力强弱影响所致的东海水团变动特征及沿岸冲淡水转向问题，同时讨论了东海水团分布与鲐Sheng渔场关系。     

Environmental control of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) recruitment in the southern Bay of Biscay: case study of failure in the year 2000

We investigate the effect of strong meteorological perturbations in early spring on the success of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) recruitment in the N/NW Iberian area (southern Bay of Biscay) for the period 1999–2008. In 2000, the year of the most pronounced recruitment failure on record, two consecutive multidisciplinary surveys sampled hydrographic conditions and mackerel eggs, larvae and post‐larvae over the main mackerel spawning grounds of the north and northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Analysis of egg and larval abundance and birthdates based on the otoliths of mackerel juveniles caught between July and October 2000 showed that there were no survivors from the early spring spawns, indicating a massive loss of early spawning effort. Moreover, the abundance of 1‐year‐old mackerel estimated from an acoustic survey carried out in 2001 was the lowest observed within the 1999–2008 time series. This low or null survival from the early spawns in 2000 could be due to the meteorological and oceanographic conditions of that spring, in particular two storm events in April after a relatively calm March. The first storm event from the north caused strong local wind in the southern Bay of Biscay but a weak oceanographic response. The second storm event from the southwest was mainly felt west of Galicia and caused a notable increase in shelf currents and a shift of the hydrographical structure along the shelf. Detailed analysis of strong wind pulses in early spring within the historical recruitment record suggests that strong local turbulence generated by high wind speeds and advection of larvae caused by the enhancement of shelf currents can contribute to reduced recruitment. Our observations indicate that, in 2000, both mechanisms were present.     

Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review

Chile is in the extreme southwestern part of America, and it has an extreme length, of approximately 4300 km that increases to 8000 km considering the Chilean Antarctic Territory. Despite the large extent of its coastal territory and the diversity of geographic environments and climates associated with Chilean coasts, the research on marine resources in Chile has been rather scarce. From marine organisms found in Chilean coastal waters, algae have been the most studied, since they contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites that have some structural traits that make them unique and uncharacteristic. Thus, a wide structural variety of natural products including terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and meroterpenoids), furanones, and C₁₅-acetogenins have been isolated and identified. This review describes the existing literature on bioprospecting and exploration of secondary metabolites from Chilean coasts.     

数据不确定性对西北太平洋两种混栖鲐生长研究的影响

依据2020-2023年“淞航”号渔业资源科研调查与生产船围网的鲐调查数据,着重分析了种类鉴定不确定性和不同数据来源（是否基于渔业生产获取的数据）对日本鲐（Scomber japonicus）和澳洲鲐（S. australasicus）生长特征的影响。研究发现,生产船样本肥满度略小于“淞航”号,且“淞航”号样本体质量增长更快,摄食情况相对较好。叉长-体质量关系的拟合结果表明,相同叉长下,澳洲鲐体质量小于日本鲐;不同数据来源与不同物种所求a值范围为1.886×10-6-6.721×10-5,b值多数大于3。a值变化较大,说明西北太平洋2021-2023年际水域环境变化较大;除2020年生产船日本鲐b值较小（b=2.66）,为负异速增长外,其余均为正异速增长。依据混合效应模型对样本的叉长-体质量关系进行异质性分析,结果表明数据来源与年份对日本鲐与澳洲鲐生长研究结果的影响更显著,物种间差异不显著。因此根据本文的结论,在基于生长等生活史特征的相关鱼种资源评估和管理的过程中,建议充分考虑时间差异和不同数据来源导致的不确定性,而不是采用恒定的、缺乏时间变化和数据来源考虑的生活史参数;此外鉴于实际操作的可行性和成本,暂时可不区分日本鲐和澳洲鲐,但仍然建议在科学研究过程中进一步探讨可能的影响。     

Estimation of recreational bag limit noncompliance using contact creel survey data

Bag limits are commonly used to manage recreational fisheries, but the effect of noncompliance with these regulations is rarely evaluated. I developed a method to estimate noncompliance with recreational bag limits using creel survey data. This approach allowed for two populations of angler trips, compliant and potentially noncompliant, and estimated the proportion of potentially noncompliant trips. The model included a mixture of a negative binomial distribution for potentially noncompliant trips and a truncated negative binomial distribution for compliant trips. The method was applied using four separate models with different assumptions about noncompliance to harvest angler⁻¹ trip⁻¹ data from the recreational king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) fishery in North Carolina, U.S. The model that estimated a single potential noncompliance parameter had the lowest (best) Akaike's Information Criterion value, and the estimated proportion of potentially noncompliant trips was about 36%. However, only about 1% of trips exceeded the bag limit because few trips reached the bag limit, which resulted in about 7% of harvest due to noncompliance. Studies that evaluate the likely consequences of bag limits on harvest and fishing mortality should include effects of noncompliance.     

东黄海鲐鱼生物经济模型及管理策略探讨

鲐鱼是我国近海重要经济鱼类,如何综合考虑生物、经济和社会效益来科学制定渔业管理目标是确保该资源可持续利用的重要研究内容.根据中、日、韩三国鲐鱼围网生产作业数据及相关经济数据,构建基于Schaefer剩余产量的生物经济模型,探讨不同管理目标下的产量及其对应捕捞努力量,以及1年(短期)、5年(中期)和10年(长期)的经济效益和资源状况.结果表明,最大持续产量(MSY)、最大经济产量(MEY)和生物经济平衡点(BE)对应的捕捞努力量(以我国大型灯光围网的单位网次产量为准)分别为23 964网次,13 816网次和27 631网次,其对应的第1年产量和利润分别为39.29万t和5.56亿元,22.65万t和3.20亿元,及45.30万t和6.41亿元;前5年累计的产量和利润分别为181.88万t和19.78亿元,131.04万t和25.81亿元,及192.10万t和13.12亿元;前10年累计的产量和利润分别为354.62万t和34.53亿元,272.32万t和57.24亿元,及362.08万t和14.07亿元.研究表明,以BE为管理目标则其短期经济效益为最大,而以MEY为管理目标则其长期经济效益为最大.探讨了不同管理方法对鲐鱼渔业所产生的影响.     

南海斑点马鲛群体遗传多样性研究

本研究采用PCR技术对采自广州附近海域的斑点马鲛(Scomberomorus guttatus)19个个体的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop基因进行扩增和分析,结果表明,该斑点马鲛群体的遗传多样性较为丰富,19个个体通过聚类形成两大分支,表明该群体可能来源于2个不同的母系祖先。