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31.
介绍并分析宁陕县城区及周边地区“8．29”惨遭洪水、泥石流袭击,生态环境遭到严重破坏的情况,提出了城区生态环境方面存在的问题,同时在规划设计方案中运用生态治理技术,以工程造林的方法,探求城区生态环境建设的新模式。 相似文献
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食品生产加工技术学习领域课程体系构建可通过\"块型\"与\"条型\"的课程组合来完成。\"块型\"课程是从食品生产过程中抽提出通用的单元操作及典型生产设备操作规程作为\"单元操作\"类课程设置,\"条型\"课程是选择在食品产业中占有较大比重或重要影响的产品/原料来构建\"生产技术\"类课程。 相似文献
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Lin Kang;Philippe Debaeke;Céline Schoving;Pierre Maury; 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2024,210(5):e12746
The responses of eco-physiological processes such as leaf expansion, plant transpiration and senescence to soil water deficit have been reported to be genotype-dependent in different crops. To study such responses in soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), a 2-year (2017 and 2021) outdoor pot experiment was carried out on the Heliaphen automated phenotyping platform at INRAE in Toulouse (France). Six soybean cultivars (Sultana-MG 000, ES Pallador-MG I, Isidor-MG I, Santana-MG I/II, Blancas-MG II and Ecudor-MG II) belonging to four maturity groups (MG) commonly grown in Europe were subjected to progressive soil water deficit from the reproductive stage R1 for 17 and 23 days in 2017 and 2021, respectively. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used as an indicator of soil water deficit. Non-linear regression was used to calculate FTSWt, that is, the FTSW threshold for which the rate of the eco-physiological process in stressed plants starts to diverge from a reference value. According to FTSWt, the three eco-physiological processes showed significant differences in sensitivity to water deficit: leaf expansion exhibits the highest sensitivity and the widest range (FTSWt: 0.44–0.93), followed by plant transpiration (FTSWt: 0.17–0.56), with leaf senescence showing the narrowest range (FTSWt: 0.05–0.16). Among six cultivars, regarding leaf expansion, Cvs Santana (FTSWt = 0.48 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.44 in 2021), Blancas (FTSWt = 0.51 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.48 in 2021) and Ecudor (FTSWt = 0.46 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.52 in 2021) in late MGs (I/II to II) exhibited higher tolerance to soil drying. Conversely, the cv. Sultana in the earliest MG (000) showed the highest sensitivity (FTSWt = 0.91 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.93 in 2021) to water deficit. However, concerning the FTSWt values for plant transpiration (0.17–0.56 in 2017; 0.19–0.31 in 2021) and senescence (0.05–0.16 in 2017; 0.06–0.16 in 2021), their range did not demonstrate a correlated trend with the MG. In addition, a negative linear correlation was observed between values of FTSWt of normalised leaf expansion at the whole-plant level (NLE) and specific leaf area (SLA) measured on irrigated plants for both years. This suggests that genotypes with high values of SLA could be associated with higher tolerance of leaf expansion to soil water deficit. Such a non-destructive phenotyping method under outdoor conditions could bring new information to variety testing process and provide paths for integrating genotypic variability into crop growth models used for simulating soybean eco-physiological responses to water deficit across the plant, field and even regional scales. 相似文献
37.
Insufficient phosphorus (P) availability decreases the yield of Zea mays, particularly for sweet corn crops grown in cool environments. This research examined the mechanisms of yield reductions with initial emphasis on canopy expansion processes that affect the interception of solar radiation. Experiments in two consecutive seasons (2001/2002 and 2002/2003) were grown at a low P site (Olsen P = 6 μg ml−1) at Lincoln, New Zealand. Each experiment contained five rates of P application. In 2001/2002 rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg P ha−1 were applied. In 2002/2003 an additional 0, 0, 10, 20 or 40 kg P ha−1 was applied to the same plots producing total P treatments of 0, 50, 110, 170 or 240 kg P ha−1 summed over the two seasons.When P availability was limited (0 or 50 kg P ha−1) the rates of leaf tip and fully expanded leaf appearance were slower in both seasons. Phyllochrons (°Cd leaf tip−1) were 5 °Cd longer in crops that received 0 kg P ha−1 than those fertilised with ≥100 kg P ha−1. The area of individual leaves was also reduced by low P inputs but the ranking of leaf area by main stem leaf position was conservative. The leaf area of the largest leaf of the unfertilised crops was at least 22% less than the maximum measured leaf area in both seasons. In contrast, P fertiliser application had no effect on leaf senescence.The rate of leaf appearance per plant, individual leaf area and plant population were integrated to calculate green leaf area index (GLAI) and to estimate accumulated radiation interception (RIcum) for these crops. The total RIcum throughout the season in the unfertilised crops was 12–28% less than for those crops that received ≥100 kg P ha−1 in both seasons. This difference partly explained the differences in crop biomass production in response to P availability. A sensitivity analysis showed that RIcum was equally sensitive to changes of the rate of leaf appearance and the area of individual leaves in response to P supply. Both processes need to be incorporated in mechanistic models of P effects on Z. mays which can be used to design efficient P fertiliser strategies. 相似文献
38.
Jiaping Wu 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2008,49(2):244-253
Abstract: With the increase of global integration, the peri‐urban area (PUA) of megacities in Asia has become a favourite destination for foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper uses the PUA of Shanghai as a case study to investigate the impact of global forces on the urban expansion of the city, and the link between urban growth and sustainable development in this mega‐urban context. Shanghai has grown impressively during the past two decades in terms of economic and physical transformation. Much of this transformation has rested on the unbridled exploitation of land and other environmental resources in its peri‐urban area. This is characterised by the designation of development zones and the concentration of manufacturing FDI, resulting in dispersed growth and environmental degradation. The disruption of the physical environment, combined with the concentration of the urban poor in these areas (in particular ‘temporary migrants’), has turned the PUA into a potential crisis point threatening the social and economic development of the city. 相似文献
39.
C. M. T. Soler G. Hoogenboom P. C. Sentelhas A. P. Duarte 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2007,193(4):247-261
During the last decade, the production of off‐season maize has increased in several regions of Brazil. Growing maize during this season, with sowing from January through April, imposes several climatic risks that can impact crop yield. This is mainly caused by the high variability of precipitation and the probability of frost during the reproduction phases. High production risks are also partially due to the use of cultivars that are not adapted to the local environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate crop growth and development and associated yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) for maize hybrids with different maturity ratings grown off‐season in a subtropical environment under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Three experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil with four hybrids of different maturity duration, AG9010 (very short season), DAS CO32 and Exceler (short season) and DKB 333B (normal season). Leaf area index (LAI), plant height and dry matter were measured approximately every 18 days. Under rainfed conditions, the soil water content in the deeper layers was reduced, suggesting that the extension of the roots into these layers was a response to soil water limitations. On average, WUE varied from 1.45 kg m−3 under rainfed conditions to 1.69 kg m−3 under irrigated conditions during 2001. The average yield varied from 4209 kg ha−1 for the hybrids grown under rainfed conditions to 5594 kg ha−1 under irrigated conditions during 2001. Yield reductions under rainfed conditions were affected by the genotype. For the hybrid DKB 333B with a normal maturity, yield was reduced by 25.6 % while the short maturity hybrid Exceler was the least impacted by soil water limitations with a yield reduction of only 8.4 %. To decrease the risk of yield loss, the application of supplemental irrigation should be considered by local farmers, provided that this practice is not restricted by either economic considerations or the availability of sufficient water resources. 相似文献
40.
试验以11个全国绿豆品种为材料,进行主要经济性状对籽粒产量的相关分析。结果表明,单株荚数增多和植株的增高有利于籽粒产量的增加,籽粒产量随着开花至结荚天数的增加而提高,随着一级分枝的增加籽粒产量降低,缩短结荚至成熟天数有利于籽粒产量的增加,籽粒产量与其它性状相关不密切。因此,选择高植株和增加结荚数量是提高籽粒产量的主要途径。通过增加开花至结荚天数,可间接提高籽粒产量,减少结荚至成熟天数和一级分枝数亦可间接提高籽粒产量。适宜晋北地区种植的绿豆品种为郑绿9号、洮9947-6、汾绿豆2号。 相似文献