毛黄肉楠光强适应性的初步研究

用100％、81％、41％、28％和5％五种光照处理毛黄肉楠苗木,研究结果表明：（1）5％光照处理下的苗木全部死亡,而另外4个处理苗木存活率为100％,长势较好;（2）毛黄肉楠的光饱和点较低（250—300umol·m^-2·s^-1）,且随遮荫的加强而降低;（3）苗高、地径、叶面积、总生物量、叶绿素含量、表观光舍量子速率的变化规律皆以遮荫处理下（81％、41％、28％）为高。综合光合特性、生理特性和自然分布特点表明,毛黄肉楠为中性树种,在半荫蔽条件下生长良好,表现出对弱光环境的适应。     

Influence of light intensity on biofilm formation and the performance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles reared in cages

A reduction in light intensity may increase shrimp activity, although it may also negatively affect the development of photoautotrophic organisms present in biofilm, an important natural food source for shrimp. This experiment evaluated the influence of light intensity on biofilm development and on the growth of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles. Six cages were deployed in a shrimp culture pond and stocked with 60 juveniles (0.72 ± 0.03 g). Three cages were randomly chosen and covered with five layers of polyamide net to reduce light incidence (shaded treatment), while the other three cages were not covered (control treatment). Biofilm chlorophyll a and microorganism abundance, as well as shrimp growth, were monitored during the experiment. Chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of bacteria and flagellates were significantly lower in the shaded treatment (P<0.05). After 75 rearing days, shrimp stocked in control treatment achieved significantly higher (5.98 g) (P<0.05) mean weight than shrimp reared in shaded treatment cages (5.13 g). Similarly, the biomass produced was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment (322.92 g) than in the shaded treatment (287.31 g). The results of this study demonstrate that light intensity has a huge influence on shrimp performance mainly due to the increase in natural food availability.     

生态因子对芋根江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响

芋根江蓠（Gracilaria blodgettii）是江蓠属一种经济海藻,可作为琼胶工业原料和鲍鱼饲料,目前已经在中国南方池塘进行试验栽培。为了探讨适合其栽培的生态条件,文章分别测定了在不同温度（18 ℃、23 ℃、28 ℃、33 ℃和38 ℃）、不同盐度（13、18、23、28、33和38）和不同光照强度（3 000 lx、6 000 lx、9 000 lx和12 000 lx）的培养条件下,芋根江蓠藻体的相对生长速率（RGR）和生化组分的变化。结果表明,芋根江蓠适宜生长温度为23~38 ℃,最适温度为28~33 ℃;适宜盐度为18~38,最适盐度为23~33;适宜光照强度为6 000~9 000 lx,最适宜生长光照强度为9 000 lx。在最适的环境条件下,藻体具有较高的日相对生长速率（RGR）,藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋白（SP）的质量分数最高,过氧化物酶（POD）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的质量摩尔浓度最低,受环境的胁迫最小。在生长状态、光合色素和抗氧化等方面,芋根江蓠具有适应高温和中、高盐度环境条件的特性。     

甘蔗渣苯甲基化改性研究

以NaOH作为润胀荆及催化剂，以氯化苄为醚化剂对甘蔗渣进行了苯甲基化改性，研究了氯化苄用量、反应温度、碱用量及反应时间对甘蔗渣苯甲基化反应的影响，并用红外光谱对苯甲基化甘蔗渣进行了初步表征。     

木材表面非极性化原理的研究 Ⅱ.木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚过程中化学官能团和表面极性的变化

通过对杉木、杨木木材及其主要成分在与苯乙烯接枝共聚反应过程中化学官能团及临界表面张力变化的研究,探讨了木材各化学组成在接枝共聚过程中的反应性能和对木材表面极性的影响。研究表明:木材可与苯乙烯发生接枝共聚反应,反应只在木素和苯乙烯之间进行。木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚可降低木材临界表面张力,即降低木材表面自由能,从而有效地改善木材的极性。     

Onset of luteal activity in foaling and seasonally anoestrous mares treated with artificial light.

Sixty-four mares (27 foaling, 37 barren or maiden), mainly Finnhorses, were subjected to treatment with 14.5 h of light and 9.5 h of darkness, starting at the beginning of December. The onset of cycling in non-foaling mares was estimated by weekly serum progesterone determinations. All of the non-foaling mares cycled in the middle of March. They started to cycle on average in the middle of February, 11.1 weeks after the beginning of the trial. There were statistically significant differences in relation to breed (Finnhorses started to cycle 2 weeks later than warm blooded, p less than 0.02) and in relation to age (brood mares with mean age 10 years, started to cycle 10 days later than those 3 years old, p less than 0.03). However, there was no statistical significant relation to previous lactation, although lactating mares lactating up to the previous autumn started to cycle 7 days later than dry mares (p less than 0.15). Artificial insemination of 14 mares in the 2nd oestrus of the year, in March, resulted in 12 foalings in the subsequent year (86%). The following winter, all pregnant mares (N = 27) were exposed to the same kind of light treatment, starting on 1st December. The 1st mare foaled at the end of January. The time from foaling to 1st post partum ovulation was significantly longer (17.0 days) in foalings taking place within 10 weeks from the beginning of the light treatment period, than in foalings occurring after more than 10 weeks of lighting (12.1 days) (p less than 0.01).     

6-BA缓解黄瓜弱光胁迫的浓度研究

在温室条件下,研究喷施不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对弱光条件下不同类型黄瓜气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,华南型杂交组合‘07QP56’在10 μmol/L 6-BA处理条件下,欧洲迷你型杂交组合‘07QP51’在2,5 μmol/L 6-BA 处理时,可以较为明显地缓解由弱光导致的饱和光合速率(A_sat)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)降低的现象。同时,10 μmol/L 6-BA处理对缓解弱光下‘07QP56’的PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)的降低也有一定的效果。‘07QP51’较‘07QP56’耐弱光,并且对高浓度6-BA处理也更为敏感。     

Variation in chemical composition and biological activities of two species of Opuntia flowers at four stages of flowering

The chemical composition of hexane extracts from flowers belonging to two species of prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller and Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haworth has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in four developmental stages of flower: vegetative, initial flowering, full flowering, and post-flowering stages. Remarkable differences were noted between the flowers’ compositions. The main compounds were carboxylic acid (28-97%), terpenes (0.2-57%), esters (0.2-27%), and alcohols (<1.8%).The study of the biological activities showed that extracts were active in vitro towards four bacteria and two fungal strains. It exhibited remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.Antioxidant activity of the flowers extracts was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method.Our findings demonstrate the interest of Opuntia flowers extract as a source of bioactive substances and its potential preservative use in food.     

光照和温度对中型滇丁香种子萌发的影响

采用室内发芽试验法研究了不同光照和温度条件对中型滇丁香种子萌发的影响。结果表明,中型滇丁香种子的萌发需在有光照的条件下进行,在有光照状况下中型滇丁香种子萌发的最适温度为25℃。在此温度条件下,其种子12～14天开始萌发,2～3周萌发完全,种子发芽率可达98%。以25℃为界,温度的升高或降低均会降低其种子的发芽率。     

一品红不同品种叶片叶绿素荧光特性比较

 利用叶绿素荧光技术测定了一品红4个品种‘金多利’、‘圣诞天使’、‘索诺拉飞雪’、‘旗帜’叶片光强依赖的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明: ‘金多利’初始荧光( F_o ) 、最大荧光( F_m ) 和可变荧光( F_v ) 值极显著高于其它3个品种。在各个光强( PAR, 0～2 171μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} ) 下, 表观电子传递速率( rETR) 、实际光化学效率(Yield) 和光化学淬灭( q_P ) 的变化趋势一致, 均为‘金多利’ > ‘圣诞天使’ > ‘索诺拉飞雪’ > ‘旗帜’, 在高PAR下这种差异更明显。拟合参数最大潜在相对电子传递速率( rETR_max ) 、半饱和光强( Ik) 和光抑制参数(β) 也同rETR等具有一致变化。说明‘金多利’有较高的PSⅡ活性, 耐强光; 而‘旗帜’则光化学效率较弱, 高光强下易受光抑制。