新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究

通过设置在宁夏红寺堡灌区开垦4 a的淡灰钙土上的定位试验,研究了不同施肥对新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理可以明显提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量,不同处理相比,化肥配合羊粪效果最好,单施羊粪次之,单施化肥最低;与对照相比各施肥处理对玉米的增产效果极显著,各处理作用效果的排序为:氮磷 羊粪>氮磷锌钾>氮磷锌>氮磷>氮>羊粪>不施肥,氮磷 羊粪处理与单施氮肥和单施羊粪之间差异达极显著水平。化肥与有机肥羊粪配合施用既能显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量又能使玉米产量显著提高,因此是新垦淡灰钙土施肥的最佳选择。土壤微生物量碳与有机碳呈极显著正相关,与全氮呈显著正相关,表明其与土壤肥力关系密切,可作为评价新垦地土壤质量变化的生物学指标。     

Factors affecting seed germination and emergence of Gomphrena perennis

Controlled growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine factors affecting seed germination and emergence of the troublesome weed Gomphrena perennis. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of temperature, light, moist chilling, osmotic potential, dry storage and depth of seed burial on G. perennis germination and emergence. The optimum temperature for germination was around 15–20°C. Seeds showed germination rates above 90% under 20/10 and 25/15°C temperature regimes. The minimum exposure to light needed to stimulate germination was 1 min. However, the light requirement was reduced after a long storage period. Furthermore, germination was high (>90%) in all moist‐chilling treatments tested. Germination was highly sensitive to increasing osmotic stress. The highest germination percentage (94%) was achieved at 0 MPa, and decreasing osmotic potential from 0 to ?0.3 MPa reduced germination to 11%. The highest seedling emergence occurred for seeds placed from 0 to 1 cm deep, and no seedlings emerged from a 5‐cm burial depth. Gomphrena perennis has a suitable environment in a no‐till soybean field, where seeds remaining on the surface have the required temperature, light and depth needed for germination.     

长叶红砂和红砂种子萌发对光照、温度和水分的响应

长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)和红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)均为荒漠地区超旱生小灌木,长叶红砂为红砂属珍稀种,而红砂为广布种。通过种子萌发对光、温和土壤水分需求的研究表明,长叶红砂对光照不敏感,而黑暗有利于红砂的萌发。种子萌发的适宜温度均为恒温20-25℃或15/25℃变温。25℃后,随着温度升高萌发率下降。土壤含水量在3%以上时,有利于两物种的萌发,萌发适宜的含水量都在12%。在各种条件下,珍稀种长叶红砂的萌发均高于广布种红砂,说明种子质量和萌发并没有造成长叶红砂的珍稀濒危。但长叶红砂高萌发率却不利于应对荒漠地区极端和不可预测的环境变化,增加了生存的风险性,可能是其濒危原因之一。     

Effect of Temperature and Light Intensity on the Polar Lipidome of Endophytic Brown Algae Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. In Vitro

The effect of temperature and light intensity on the polar lipidome of endophytic brown algae Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. in vitro was investigated. More than 460 molecular species have been identified in four glycoglycerolipids classes, five phosphoglycerolipids classes and one betaine lipid class. The lipids glucuronosyldiacylglycerol and diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl-homoserine were found in the algae of the order Ectocarpales for the first time. A decrease in cultivation temperature led to an increase in the unsaturation level in all classes of polar lipids. Thus, at low temperatures, the content of 18:4/18:4 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), 20:5/18:4 digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 18:3/16:0 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), 18:3/18:3 and 18:3/18:4 phosphatidylglycerol (PG), 20:4/20:5 and 20:5/20:5 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 14:0/20:5, 16:0/20:5 and 20:5/20:5 phosphatidylcholine (PC), 20:5/20:4 phosphatidylhydroxyethylglycine and 18:1/18:2 DGTS increased. At high temperatures, an increase in the content of chloroplast-derived MGDG, DGDG and PG was observed. Both low and high light intensities caused an increase in 20:5/18:3 MGDG and 18:3/16:1 PG. At low light intensity, the content of DGDG with fatty acid (FA) 18:3 increased, and at high light intensity, it was with FA 20:5. The molecular species composition of extraplastid lipids also showed a dependence on light intensity. Thus, the content of PC and PE species with C20-polyunsaturated FA at both sn-positions, 18:1/18:1 DGTS and 16:0/18:1 phosphatidylinositol increased. Low light intensity induced a significant increase in the content of chloroplast-derived 18:1/16:1 phosphatidylethanolamine.     

紫金牛光合速率日变化及其影响因素研究

从光合速率日变化来看,3种光照条件下光合速率的变化规律均符合植物光合作用日变化的一般规律。15％光照下紫金牛净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线;100％光照下紫金牛净光合速率日变化呈典型的双峰曲线,“午睡”现象非常明显;而在45％光照下紫金牛净光合速率日变化表现出不典型的双峰曲线,“午睡”现象不明显,这说明适度地遮荫有利于紫金牛光合作用的进行。相关性分析表明,影响紫金牛光合速率日变化的主要因素是蒸腾作用。     

黄瓜自交系低温弱光耐受性快速筛选平台的建立

黄瓜对低温和弱光的耐受性是两个相对独立的性状,需要单独进行评价.设计了以叶面积增长量为主要性状指标的弱光(或弱光 偏低温)耐受性的评价指标体系和以冷害指数作为临界低温耐受性评价指标的快速筛选体系,两者可复合实施.     

光照强度和氮素配比对葡萄试管苗氮素代谢的影响

以红地球葡萄试管苗为试材,探讨了光照强度和NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N不同配比对葡萄试管苗氮代谢的影响。结果表明:随培养基中NH₄⁺-N所占比例和光照强度的升高,GS活力增加。光强为5 000 lx并且NH₄⁺-N:N₃^--N为5:5时,GS活力最高。硝酸还原酶活性（NR）随着光强和培养基中NO₃^--N比例的增加而升高,且随着培养基中NO₃^--N比例的增加,试管苗体内的NO₃^--N含量增加。随NR活性升高,体内NO₃^--N含量降低,NO₃^--N含量与NR活性之间呈显著的负相关关系。     

稻纵卷叶螟种群动态变化的探照灯诱虫器监测

2007-2009年连续3年应用探照灯诱虫器和佳多自动虫情测报灯,并结合雌蛾卵巢解剖对稻纵卷叶螟种群进行了监测.结果表明:探照灯诱虫器能有效监测稻纵卷叶螟种群动态,其数量变化规律与佳多测报灯灯下虫量变化规律基本一致,监测峰次多于佳多灯.探照灯诱虫器对稻纵卷叶螟的诱蛾量显著高于佳多灯,且对起飞迁出、过境、迁入降落虫群均具有较强诱捕作用.据此提出了以探照灯诱虫器、佳多测报灯诱虫突增情况和雌蛾卵巢解剖情况为标准的探照灯诱虫器诱蛾虫源性质判断方法,并以此方法,对探照灯诱虫器诱捕迁入、过境和迁出稻纵卷叶螟进行了个例分析.     

毛黄肉楠光强适应性的初步研究

用100％、81％、41％、28％和5％五种光照处理毛黄肉楠苗木,研究结果表明：（1）5％光照处理下的苗木全部死亡,而另外4个处理苗木存活率为100％,长势较好;（2）毛黄肉楠的光饱和点较低（250—300umol·m^-2·s^-1）,且随遮荫的加强而降低;（3）苗高、地径、叶面积、总生物量、叶绿素含量、表观光舍量子速率的变化规律皆以遮荫处理下（81％、41％、28％）为高。综合光合特性、生理特性和自然分布特点表明,毛黄肉楠为中性树种,在半荫蔽条件下生长良好,表现出对弱光环境的适应。     

黑肩绿盲蝽与褐飞虱的伴迁行为研究

天敌伴迁具有重要的生态学和行为学意义,黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis（Reuter）捕食褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens（St?l）的卵和低龄若虫,因此,明确迁飞习性及其与褐飞虱的伴迁关系,有助于指导褐飞虱的综合治理。2008-2012年在广西兴安县设置探照灯和佳多自动虫情测报灯,监测黑肩绿盲蝽和褐飞虱的季节性消长动态。结果发现,黑肩绿盲蝽在两种灯下的始见期都迟于褐飞虱,相同时间段内两者的诱集量呈显著正相关;7月下旬至8月下旬是黑肩绿盲蝽的发生高峰期;蝽虱比达到或超过1：1.1时对褐飞虱的种群发展有一定的控制作用;灯诱黑肩绿盲蝽种群中性比一般大于1：1。