抗氧化剂在公猪精液冷冻保存中的应用

近几年来,在公猪精液冷冻稀释液中添加抗氧化剂以提高冷冻精液质量的研究受到广泛的关注。添加谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶、维生素E、L-半胱氨酸和L-谷氨酰胺、中草药成分等抗氧化剂可以有效地防止氧化损伤,提高解冻后精子活率、精子成活力、质膜与顶体完整性等,进而提高冷冻保存精液的受精能力。作者综述了抗氧化剂的抗精子冷冻损伤的作用机制及不同抗氧化剂的应用效果,并对其在公猪精液冷冻保存中的应用前景进行了展望。     

First isolation of Trichinella britovi from a wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Belgium

Since 1992, when the European Union Council Directive requires that wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in EU for commercial purpose should be examined for Trichinella, the infection has not been detected in wild boars from Belgium, despite serological evidence of the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies in wildlife and previous reports of Trichinella larvae in this host species. In November 2004, Trichinella larvae were detected in a wild boar hunted near Mettet, Namur province (Southern Belgium). Larvae were identified as Trichinella britovi by polymerase chain reaction methods. This is the first report of the identification of Trichinella larvae from Belgium at the species level. The detection of T. britovi in wildlife in Belgium is consistent with findings of this parasite in other European countries and confirms the need to test game meat for Trichinella to prevent its transmission to humans.     

杂种野猪宰后肌肉品质特性的研究

猪的品种是影响猪肉食用品质的最主要因素,而猪肉的化学组成成分和宰后生理生化变化则是肌肉品质形成的基础。针对杂种野猪和本地白猪两种不同的品种猪在相同条件下饲养和屠宰,研究了宰后肌肉的色泽红度a值、pH值、嫩度(剪切力)和蒸煮损失的变化情况。试验表明,杂种野猪肉红度较深且保持时间长,pH值高,嫩度差,蒸煮损失少。     

Salmonella serotypes in wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in northern Italy

Background

Salmonella species (spp.) are zoonotic enteric bacteria able to infect humans, livestock and wildlife.However, little is known about the prevalence and the presence of the different serovars in wildlife. Considering the wide distribution of wild boars and the feeding behaviour (omnivorous scavengers), wild boars may be a good indicator for environmental presence of Salmonella spp. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of Salmonella spp. in hunted wild boars and to determine the serotype the isolated strains.

Findings

Over three hunting seasons, the intestinal contents of 1,313 boars hunted in northern Italy were sampled and cultured. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 326 boars (24.82%). Thirty different serovars belonging to three different S. enterica spp. were found. Twenty-one serovars of S. enterica subsp. Enterica were found including the human pathogens S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In addition, nine serovars belonging to S.enterica subsp. diarizonae and S. enterica subsp. houtenae were detected.

Conclusions

Considering the widespread occurrence of wild boars in Europe, the epidemiological role of this species in relation to salmonellosis might be relevant and should be further investigated. Wild boars may act as healthy carriers of a wide range of Salmonella serotypes.     

Fasciola hepatica in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Italy

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode infecting ruminants worldwide, occasionally reported in a wide range of animal species, including humans. According to the WHO, fasciolosis is recognized as a re-emerging neglected tropical disease, responsible for endemic and epidemic outbreaks in humans. Although the main hosts of the parasite are represented by cattle, sheep and goats, wildlife may be involved in its circulation. Here we firstly report F. hepatica in a wild boar from Italy (southern area) and characterize it both morphologically and molecularly. The nad1 gene analysis of specimens analyzed, revealed a high genetic similarity with those of humans from Iran and Peru, as well as a close phylogenetic relationship to those in ruminants from Brazil, Ecuador and Egypt. Considering the increase in the wild boar populations in urban and peri-urban areas, a potential role of this ungulate in the circulation of this zoonotic trematode is suggested.     

Analysis of testicular variables,semen motility and kinematics-derived indexes in boar using a CASA-Mot system

The present study aimed to evaluate differences in area, volume and testicular weight among groups related to breed and age of boar and establish associations between testicular parameters and seminal characteristics. Seminal quality has been studied using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) systems that reduce the subjectivity of kinematic parameters. Based on the data obtained through this system, sperm quality indexes and their derived parameters have been assessed to identify a better estimator for determining movement and velocity parameters. We also established indexes of velocity and sperm movement for boar semen. To this end, we evaluated 191 ejaculate samples from 63 boars. Differences related to the effects of season and age on quality boar semen were found (p ≤ .05) in the animal groups. Indexes were established for velocity and sperm movement based on CASA-Mot, and we proposed a sperm movement index (SMI) and sperm velocity index (SVI) with the CASA-Mot variables. Correlations were found (p < .05) among sperm indexes and CASA-Mot variables. Boar characteristics were found to be associated with some CASA-Mot variables, and the estimated SMI and SVI indexes predicted a greater variation in kinematic characteristics compared to the parameters evaluated separately using the CASA-Mot system.     

北京市繁殖猪舍高温环境控制状况

高温是影响猪繁殖性能的重要环境因素。为了缓解北京市繁殖猪的热应激,于2009年对北京市猪舍的建筑类型、降温方式进行了调查,对常见猪舍外墙类型的隔热指标进行了计算评价,并对繁殖猪舍内温度进行了测试,结果表明：北京市猪舍建筑类型调查样本中,有窗封闭式、半开放式和温室大棚式猪舍的比例分别为74.0%、23.7%和2.3%;繁殖猪舍的降温方式中,通风降温和以水为媒介的降温方式各占50%左右;在现有猪舍外墙构造类型中,外贴聚苯板内砌砖的复合墙体的隔热性能最好。北京市夏季繁殖猪舍内温度与舍外变化趋势基本一致,多数时间内舍内温度高于舍外。最后,提出北京市目前繁殖猪舍的高温环境调控建议。     

骨桥蛋白在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达及其与繁殖性能的相关性

本试验旨在研究骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）在长白公猪生殖细胞中的表达和定位,并探究其与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。试验采集了长白公猪精液和不同阶段（3日龄、3月龄、6月龄和12月龄）的睾丸组织,通过蛋白印迹的方法检测OPN蛋白在精液和不同月龄睾丸中的表达,通过免疫组化的方法对OPN蛋白在公猪睾丸细胞中进行定位;同时,根据配种胎次≥ 20胎,3次配种公猪为同一头的标准,筛选并采集17头长白种公猪精液,统计相对应的1 388头母猪的生产成绩,计算得到公猪繁殖性能指标（包括窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、分娩率和繁殖力）。低温离心精液分离得到精子和精浆,丙酮法提取精浆蛋白,Lysis buffer方法提取精子蛋白,最后运用BCA和ELISA的方法检测精子和精浆中OPN蛋白的含量,分析OPN蛋白与公猪繁殖性能的相关性。蛋白印迹结果显示,OPN在精子、精浆和各月龄阶段的长白公猪睾丸中均以两种形式表达（67.4和33.7 ku）,且67.4 ku的形式在3月龄公猪睾丸中表达量最高;免疫组化的结果显示,OPN在长白公猪的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞中表达,在精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞中无表达;BCA和ELISA结果显示,精子中的OPN蛋白含量是精浆中的7倍（P<0.05）,精液中的OPN蛋白与公猪窝产活仔数显著正相关（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,OPN在各阶段的长白公猪睾丸中都有表达,且在精子和精浆中也有表达,这可能与公猪的繁殖性能有关,从而为后期OPN蛋白在公猪受精力的研究奠定基础。     

冷冻保护剂对猪精液的冷冻保护作用

论文通过阐述猪精液冷冻保护过程中冷冻保护剂与精子之间的相互作用,揭示渗透性保护剂和非渗透性保护剂的作用机制,指出目前猪精液冷冻保存的局限性,同时展望了猪精液冻存的研究趋势,为猪精液的冷冻保存研究和应用提供参考.