两种株型大麦籽粒灌浆特性比较

以竖叶型大麦品种驻啤3号和披叶型大麦品种豫啤1号为试验材料,从籽粒灌浆、蛋白组分和淀粉含量的积累动态变化分析了两种株型大麦籽粒干物质积累之间的差异,结果表明:豫啤1号籽粒灌浆相对较快,在花后20~35 d灌浆速率较高,而驻啤3号籽粒灌浆过程较为平稳;两者之间蛋白组分和淀粉的积累趋势基本一致,豫啤1号籽粒蛋白质含量高于驻啤3号;驻啤3号单株穗重和粒重显著高于豫啤1号,产量较高。     

海南黑牛体型外貌测定与杂交效果初探

海南黑牛是利用良种日本黑毛和牛的冷冻精液与海南黄牛(雷琼黄牛)母牛进行人工授精所产的杂交后代.通过对海南黑牛进行外貌观察和体尺测量,研究其体型外貌与双亲的差异.结果表明,海南黑牛的多项体尺指标与母、父本相比都发生了变化.其外貌主要特征表现为头小颈短、面部清秀,体躯紧凑,背腰平直,无肩峰,毛呈黑色;而体尺测量除管围和管围指数外,体重、体高、胸围、体长等指标均比海南黄牛要小.即在外貌特征上,海南黑牛总体表现双亲的特性,毛色呈现日本和牛黑毛,体型接近海南黄牛小而清秀,但前期生长发育缓慢,表现出当地小型黄牛的特性.     

成都万达广场城市综合体空间形态解析

分析了成都万达广场这一城市综合体整体空间的形态,将其划分为包括区域外部的广场空间、区域内部商业建筑空间及其与外部空间的联系几方面,从空间的形态构成、组织手法、内涵3方面,阐述此类城市综合体整体空间的特点及其所包含的各空间的相互关系,认为应将其看作动态变化的、相互影响的建筑复合体,兼具外部空间的吸引力和内部空间的凝聚力,希望借此明确影响区域空间形态的组织手法以及其在实践中的意义。     

Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton

A well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.     

Diagnostic accuracy of digital photography and image analysis for the measurement of foot conformation in the horse

Reasons for performing study: Rigorous evaluation of practicable methods for the objective assessment of foot conformation has not been performed. Objectives: To assess the practicability, precision and accuracy of the process of obtaining measurements of horses' feet using photography and image processing software. Methods: Precision study: Lateral photographs of horses' feet were obtained twice by 2 veterinary surgeons (image acquisition ‐ IAc). Photographs were analysed by 2 masked veterinary surgeons on 2 occasions (image analysis ‐ IAn). Measurements were compared within and between operators for self and non‐self acquired photographs. Agreement indices (AIs) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated for the IAn process alone and for the combined IAc + IAn processes. Accuracy study: Measurements obtained from lateral photographs were compared with those obtained from lateromedial radiographs. AIs and 95% LOA were calculated for each measurement. Results: Precision study: Mean intra‐ and interoperator AIs for the IAn process alone were ≥0.90 while those for the combined IAc + IAn processes were ≥0.89 for all measurements. Similar mean AIs and 95% LOA were calculated regardless of image origin. The 95% LOA for hoof angle, heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle for all comparisons were within target values. Accuracy study: Mean AIs were ≥0.89 for all measurements. The 95% LOA for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle were within target values. Conclusions: Excellent precision was identified within and between operators regardless of image origin. High levels of accuracy were also identified, especially for heel height/toe height% and coronary band angle, indicating that photography and radiography may be used interchangeably. Potential relevance: Acquisition and analysis of photographic images is an appropriate method for the objective measurement of foot conformation, both in clinical and research settings.     

提高多层砖混房屋构造柱的认识及在施工中应注意的问题

在多年施工监理实践的基础上,阐述了构造柱在施工中存在的问题并提出了具体的解决方法,以求提高多层砖混住宅的抗震能力。