Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton

A well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.     

杏仁蛋白质的提取及功能特性研究进展

杏仁蛋白是一种理想的植物蛋白,概述了目前杏仁蛋白质的提取方法,综述了国内外蛋白质功能特性的研究。     

超高压处理对S-卵白蛋白构象与功能特性的影响

采用激光拉曼光谱、荧光光谱分析超高压(UHP)对S-卵白蛋白构象的影响,并考察其对溶解性、乳化性和起泡能力等功能特性的影响.结果表明,经UHP处理后S-卵白蛋白的分子量分布没有明显变化.随着压力增加,无规卷曲含量逐渐增加,二硫键构象变化使蛋白稳定性降低,酪氨酸残基包埋于侧链中,紧密折叠结构得以舒展.经100 MPa处理后S-卵白蛋白的荧光强度略有增强,此后急剧下降,无峰位位移现象,说明UHP引起蛋白分子构象变化.S-卵白蛋白的溶解性、乳化性及起泡能力等功能特性均随压力增加而明显改善,以300 MPa处理较为理想,此后压力增加至500 MPa时反而下降.     

Associations between yearling body measurements and career racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses

Yearling morphometric measurements and variables related to career racing performance were collected on 260 Thoroughbreds to determine correlations between and among these traits. Morphometric measurements were adjusted to 365 days based on interpolation from adjacent age points and included wither and hip height, body length, distal limb length, cannon circumference, heartgirth circumference, and chest width. Measures of career racing ability included total earnings, win percentage, and Standard Starts Index (SSI). Wither height and hip height were favorably correlated with lifetime earnings, SSI, and win percentage. Body length and heartgirth were positively correlated with SSI and win percentage. Leg traits were not correlated with any performance parameters. Horses that had placed in or won a stakes race tended to be taller at the wither and hip as yearlings. Horses categorized as preferring turf tended to be taller at the wither and hip at 365 days than those that preferred to run on dirt. No significant difference in yearling morphometric measurements between sprinters and routers was detected. In addition to phenotype and pedigree information, morphometric measurements taken in the yearling year may allow for more accurate estimation of future performance in the Thoroughbred racehorse.     

呼伦贝尔短尾羊产前补饲精喂对家畜个体特征及生产效益的影响

在内蒙古草原牧区,冬季对绵羊补饲精喂的研究具有重要的意义。为研究产羔前对母畜舍饲精料后,呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重、体尺及经济效益的变化,本研究选取60对待产的呼伦贝尔短尾母绵羊作为试验对象,在母畜产羔前一个月,试验组母畜舍饲精料,对照组仅补饲干草,分析100日龄内家畜体重、体尺及经济效益变化。利用方差及偏最小二乘回归法,分析产前补饲对家畜个体、生产效益的影响及影响家畜体重的主要体尺权重,结果显示,100 d时间段内,母畜体重呈先减少后增加的趋势;仔畜出生后一个月左右的时间段,试验组仔畜的胸围、胸宽、体高、胸深、体长和体斜长显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。影响呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重的主要体尺指标为:胸围、胸宽、体高和胸深,影响权重达到50%以上。补饲使得仔畜的成活率、出售价格显著高于未进行补饲的对照组(P<0.05)。通过补饲母畜不仅可以影响仔畜体重和体尺指标,而且对提高仔畜成活率和经济效益具有重要的作用,这为今后后备母羊的选育、家畜的精准淘汰提供了理论基础。     

生物腔室构造与生物进化关系的研究——从生物腔室特征与其生命功能相适应的现象论证达尔文的生物进化论的科学观点

从生物的腔室的主要特征以及腔室的定义和基本特征着手,对腔室结构中的封闭性、牢固性、保护性和腔室之间的统一性进行分析,论证了腔室与其生命功能相适应是生物进化的结果这一观点,补证了达尔文生物进化论的观点,为探索物种起源和生命中的未知世界开辟了新途径.     

两种株型大麦籽粒灌浆特性比较

以竖叶型大麦品种驻啤3号和披叶型大麦品种豫啤1号为试验材料,从籽粒灌浆、蛋白组分和淀粉含量的积累动态变化分析了两种株型大麦籽粒干物质积累之间的差异,结果表明:豫啤1号籽粒灌浆相对较快,在花后20~35 d灌浆速率较高,而驻啤3号籽粒灌浆过程较为平稳;两者之间蛋白组分和淀粉的积累趋势基本一致,豫啤1号籽粒蛋白质含量高于驻啤3号;驻啤3号单株穗重和粒重显著高于豫啤1号,产量较高。     

《红楼梦》与《水浒传》酒文化的比较--"贵族"酒文化与"好汉"酒文化的比较

古典名《红楼梦》与《水浒传》都注重酒化的描写,但提示的主题与内涵不同。本从酒联、饮酒场合、饮酒量具、饮酒方式、醉酒描写、化色彩等方面加以比较,反映贵族酒化与好汉酒化的差异。     

海南黑牛体型外貌测定与杂交效果初探

海南黑牛是利用良种日本黑毛和牛的冷冻精液与海南黄牛(雷琼黄牛)母牛进行人工授精所产的杂交后代.通过对海南黑牛进行外貌观察和体尺测量,研究其体型外貌与双亲的差异.结果表明,海南黑牛的多项体尺指标与母、父本相比都发生了变化.其外貌主要特征表现为头小颈短、面部清秀,体躯紧凑,背腰平直,无肩峰,毛呈黑色;而体尺测量除管围和管围指数外,体重、体高、胸围、体长等指标均比海南黄牛要小.即在外貌特征上,海南黑牛总体表现双亲的特性,毛色呈现日本和牛黑毛,体型接近海南黄牛小而清秀,但前期生长发育缓慢,表现出当地小型黄牛的特性.