粳稻杂种后代稻米垩白率的遗传变异研究

利用稻米垩白率不同的 6个粳稻品种 ,以 Grif f ing双列杂交方法 4配制 15个杂交组合及部分反交组合 ,对杂种 F1及 F2 稻米垩白率的遗传变异进行了分析。结果表明 ,稻米垩白率正反交 F1之间存在一定的差异 ,稻米垩白率除受细胞核基因的作用外还受细胞质基因的作用 ,以垩白率较低的品种作母本 ,其 F1垩白率较低 ,部分组合还表现超亲优势 ;中亲值与 F1、F2 稻米垩白率平均值间以及 F1与 F2 稻米垩白率平均值间都呈极显著的正相关 ;各组合 F2 均出现了超亲变异 ,其超亲变异既有偏向于低垩白率方向的组合 ,也有偏向于高垩白率方向的组合 ,在双亲垩白率差异小的组合中 F2 群体出现垩白率低于低亲的单株多 ;在大部分组合中垩白率与千粒重呈正相关 ,与单株产量既有呈正相关的组合 ,也有呈负相关的组合     

Effect of soaking temperature on commingled rice properties

Parboiling involves soaking, steaming, and drying, and soaking is important in achieving desired parboiled rice properties. This study investigated the effects of soaking temperature and commingling on rice properties prior to steaming. Rough rice of four cultivars (Taggart, CL151, XL753, and CL XL745) and their combinations at 1:1 wt ratio were soaked at 65, 70 or 75 °C for 3 h, and dried. Both soaking temperature and difference in onset gelatinization temperature (T_o) of individual cultivars in commingled rice affected milling and physicochemical properties. The head brown rice yield was greater when the soaking temperature was below but close to the T_o for individual rice cultivars, but became difficult to predict for commingled rice. Commingled rice consisting of high T_o rice cultivars required higher soaking temperatures to reduce chalkiness during soaking. The color attributes of commingled rice was predominately affected by the cultivar that exhibited the most change. The gelatinization properties were governed by the low-T_o cultivar, whereas the pasting properties were more influenced by the high-T_o cultivar for the commingled rice. Therefore, using commingled rice with a wide range of gelatinization temperature as a feedstock may lead to inconsistent quality of parboiled rice.     

超甜玉米"粤甜13号"早春地膜覆盖栽培研究

【研究目的】针对杂交稻米品质问题,研究杂交稻亲本垩白形成与胚乳细胞形态结构和发育以及与淀粉粒之间的关系,为进一步研究杂交稻米高垩白形成机理奠定基础;【方法】对几个应用面积较大的杂交稻主要亲本和两个米质对照品种,按GB/T17891-1999方法调查其垩白性状,对其米粒胚乳结构和淀粉粒的采用扫描电镜观察分析;【结果】亲本材料间垩白性状差异首先表现在垩白率上,其次为垩白度,最后为垩白面积。高垩白的保持系和桂朝2号垩白主要发生在中、腹部,而相对低垩白的恢复系主要在中部,腹白少或无。垩白度与垩白率间存在明显的线性关系,与垩白面积无明显相关性。淀粉粒在米粒横断面上分布的均匀性与垩白率和垩白度有较大的相关性,分布越均匀则垩白率和垩白度越小;而长方柱状细胞层数和多少与垩白率和垩白度有一定的相关性但不明显。5个恢复系和3个保持系垩白米粒的背部淀粉粒普遍发育良好而中部较差;保持系与恢复系的差异主要表现在腹部淀粉粒的发育形态上。【结论】杂交稻保持系与恢复系的垩白发生部位有所差异,垩白形成与其淀粉粒的分布有重要关系;中、腹部淀粉粒发育异常容易产生垩白,主要受胚乳细胞生理发育规律的影响。     

杂交水稻优质育种研究进展

分析了目前中国杂交水稻的米质现状及主要品质性状的遗传,指出当前中国杂交水稻优质育种已取得很大成就,尤其在直链淀粉含量和整精米率方面得到很大改善。但是垩白问题、胶稠度问题仍难以逾越,是今后杂交水稻优质育种的主攻方向。