完达山林区马鹿的冬季食性

2003～2004年在黑龙江省完达山林区,根据野外啃食痕迹调查,对马鹿冬季食性进行了研究。结果表明,榆、紫椴、榛、暴马丁香、杨、黄檗是马鹿主要的冬季食物(44．31％、10．07％、7．60％、7．17％、6．56％、6．38％),组成马鹿冬季大宗食物。马鹿对榆、核桃楸、龙牙楤木、紫椴、毛接骨木、黄檗、水曲柳、狗枣猕猴桃、柳、托盘、疣枝卫矛表现出正选择。杨、榛和暴马丁香虽然是马鹿的主要食物,但相对于它们较高的可获得性而言,马鹿对它们表现出负选择。     

内蒙古高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区半散养东北马鹿粪便中寄生虫虫卵检测

马鹿是国家二级保护物种,为了解分布于内蒙古境内的东北马鹿粪便中的寄生虫感染状况,2014年3—5月,利用漂浮法对在内蒙古高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区内采集的20份东北马鹿粪便进行了寄生虫虫卵检测。结果表明,东北马鹿粪便中寄生虫的种类及数量在寒冷干燥的冬季感染状况较轻,主要的寄生虫虫卵有鞭虫卵、线虫卵及绦虫卵。其中,鞭虫卵、线虫卵及绦虫卵的平均感染率均为5%。马鹿虫卵的总的感染率为15%,未发现有混合感染的状况。     

梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构观察

梅花鹿是我国一级保护动物,具有极高的观赏和经济价值。用大体解剖与常规石蜡切片、HE染色等方法,对梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构进行了观察。结果表明,梅花鹿的肝脏具有反刍动物的共同点,分叶不明显,但亦可分为右、中、左三叶,但无胆囊。其组织结构也和其他反刍动物相似,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。被膜较薄,肝细胞体积较大,内皮连续、有基膜,内皮之间有枯否氏细胞,窦状隙中可见血细胞。门管区的小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉和小叶间胆管结构均清晰。     

新疆车尔臣河下游塔里木马鹿(Cervus elaphus yarkandensis)生境适宜性评价

塔里木马鹿(Cervus elaphus yarkandensis)是唯一分布在干旱地荒漠的珍稀动物,历史上广泛分布于塔里木河流域,现仅分布在沙雅、尉犁和且末地区。作者通过2005-2007年的实地调查,在地理信息系统的支持下,以水源、隐蔽条件、植被类型和人类活动等为评价因子,采用生境评价模型,对塔里木马鹿的主要分布区之一车尔臣河下游阿克塔孜牧场地区进行了适宜性评价。结果表明:不考虑人类活动影响时塔里木马鹿的适宜和次适宜生境面积分别为22278.6hm2和64425.0 hm2,分别占研究区面积的13.01%和38.79%;考虑人类活动影响时,塔里木马鹿的适宜和次适宜生境面积分别减少了3.77%和5.35%,而不适宜生境面积增加了7.96%。     

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in the Tokachi sub-prefecture of Hokkaido,Japan

In food hygiene, the surveillance of foodborne pathogens in wild animals is indispensable because we cannot control hygienic status of them. Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), which are found only on the island of Hokkaido, Japan, are the most common game animal in the country. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Yezo sika deer hunted in the Tokachi sub-prefecture, which is one of the densest zones for the sub-species. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing detected STEC in 18.3% of fecal samples (59/323) collected from deer hunted between 2016 and 2017, whereas no Shigella and Salmonella markers were detected. No correlation was found between STEC detection from fecal samples and characteristics of carcasses, such as hunting area, age, and fascioliasis. From 59 STEC-positive fecal samples, we isolated 37 STEC strains, including 34 O- and H-genotyped strains, in which 16 different serogroups were detected. Genetic analysis revealed that our isolates included various stx gene types (stx1⁺/stx2⁻, stx1⁺/stx2⁺, and stx1⁻/stx2⁺) and carried eae. This study demonstrated that STEC strains with various features colonized the Yezo sika deer, similar to other subspecies of sika deer. We conclude that continuous surveillance activity is important to monitor the suitability of game animals as a food source and to assess the validity of the food safety management system for game meat production.     

Digestive rate of Dongtian F1 red Dear in weaning period and growth period

In this paper, 4N-HCLAIA method was adopted to conduct digestive tests in young female and male Dongtian F₁ red deer (Cervus elaphus) of rearing seperately in growth period and mixed raising in weaning period in Harbin Specialty Research Institute. Results indicated that digestive rate of crude protein and crude fiber were 95.35% and 73.68% respectively when rational protein content was 26.8% in growth period, Digestive rate was not significantly different between female and male(P>0.05); During weaning period, when rational crude protein content is 22.06%, digestive rate of crude protein and crude fiber were 93.05% and 63.96%, respectively. The tests suggest that higher rational protein can be effective in accelerating growth of young Dongtian F₁ red deer during growth period and weaning period(before 10 months old). (Reponsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

长白山马鹿的调查

马鹿在吉林省的分布区可划为 3个一级区和 8个二级区 ,适栖面积为 1.0 4× 10 6hm2 ,预计数量为 9853± 3586只 ,马鹿的平均寿命为 6.9岁。     

东北梅花鹿卵泡发育过程中卵泡细胞超微结构的观察

为了进一步弄清东北梅花鹿卵泡细胞超微结构的变化规律,本研究用透射电镜、目镜测微尺和显微照相技术对各期卵泡中卵泡细胞的超微结构进行了观察,并按卵泡大小、颗粒细胞层数、透明带状况及卵泡腔是否出现,把卵泡分成4个阶段。结果表明：原始卵泡-卵泡细胞与卵母细胞已开始建立结构上的联系,卵泡细胞的形态变化也是适应卵泡发育的需要;初级卵泡-细胞器数量增加,结构变得清晰,卵泡细胞中出现厚壁小泡,可能是一种早期的脂滴;次级卵泡-卵泡突起穿过透明带,并出现有营养作用的脂滴和支持作用的微丝;三级卵泡-高尔基复合体发达,多与粗面内质网相贴,核糖体丰富,成簇分布,接近排卵的卵泡中卵泡细胞发生扩展等一系列结构上的变化将利于受精。     

东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织全长cDNA文库的构建

为克隆出与鹿茸生长发育相关基因的全长序列,采用SMART技术构建了东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织的全长cDNA文库.用SV Total RNA Isolation System试剂盒提取总RNA,以逆转录酶PowerScriptTM 反转录合成第一链cDNA,然后通过LD-PCR合成并扩增ds cDNA.扩增产物经纯化、SfiⅠ酶切、过CHROMA SPIN-400柱去除小片段后,连接到SfiⅠ消化过的pDNR-LIB质粒载体中,最后用电转化法将重组质粒转化到E. coli DH5α内得到原始文库.经测定,构建的原始文库约含有2.56×10~6个重组子,插入片段多在0.5～2kb之间,平均插入片段长度约1.1kb,重组效率接近100%.结果表明,东北梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织的全长cDNA文库已构建成功.     

东北马鹿与天山马鹿杂交F_1茸重性状的杂种优势率

采用本交和人工授精方法，用选育的东北马鹿母鹿与天山马鹿特级种公鹿杂交（ 简称东天杂交） ，对东天杂交 Ｆ１ 茸重性状及其杂种优势进行了观测，结果表明，本交获得的１１２ 只１ ～５ 锯 Ｆ１ 头茬茸鲜重平均为４１９３ ｋｇ ，对双亲的３９９７ ｋｇ 的杂种优势率为４９ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ００５） ，比母本的提高５２９ ％ ；人工授精获得的５５ 只１ ～３ 锯 Ｆ１ 头茬茸鲜重平均为３７１０ ｋｇ ，对双亲的３３２７ ｋｇ 的杂种优势率为１００２ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ００１） ，比母本的提高４６５ ％ 。