梅花鹿感染产气荚膜梭菌的诊断及中西医结合治疗

2020年5月25日,贵州省某动物园的梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)出现精神沉郁、食欲减退、腹部胀大等症状,截至5月29日已发病死亡6头。为查明发病原因,采集发病梅花鹿的血样及发病死亡梅花鹿的组织样品送检。根据临床症状和病理剖检结果,初步诊断该动物园发病梅花鹿疑似产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)和支原体混合感染,经细菌分离培养、生化特性鉴定确诊为产气荚膜梭菌感染。结果显示,造成该动物园梅花鹿发病死亡的原因为产气荚膜梭菌的感染,并根据其症状进行中西医结合治疗。     

梅花鹿GHR基因完整编码区序列生物信息学分析

为了研究梅花鹿生长激素受体基因的结构和功能,从GenBank中下载梅花鹿、牛、山羊、猪、北极狐、大熊猫、人、猕猴、小鼠、大鼠、鸡、家鹅、绿头野鸭及金鱼的生长激素受体基因完整编码区及氨基酸序列,对梅花鹿与其他13个物种生长激素受体基因的完整编码区及其编码氨基酸序列进行相似性比对,并基于氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,利用BioEdit 7.0等软件对梅花鹿生长激素受体基因的碱基组成及其编码蛋白的理化性质和结构特征进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,梅花鹿与山羊、牛的生长激素受体基因氨基酸序列相似性较高,亲缘关系最近;梅花鹿生长激素受体基因完整编码区长度为1 905bp,编码634个氨基酸,A+T含量高于G+C;其编码的蛋白是一种分子质量为70.927 8ku、等电点为4.56的疏水性不稳定酸性蛋白;该蛋白含有1个信号肽,属于一种分泌型蛋白;存在1个强跨膜区、36个广泛磷酸化位点,二级结构元件以无规则卷曲为主。研究结果可为梅花鹿生长激素受体基因的进一步分析提供详细的生物信息学基础资料。     

家养梅花鹿腹腔镜输精技术研究——CIDR+PMSG同期发情处理后输精时间是关键

2004年9月15日(第0天)给45只成年雌性东北梅花鹿阴道放置"阴道内孕酮释放装置"(CIDR),到第12天取出CIDR,同时肌肉注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG),21只母鹿注射200 IU(1组),24只母鹿注射150 IU(2组)。CIDR取出后24~72 h,用带试情布的成年公鹿对处理母鹿进行持续试情。结果第1组和第2组同期发情率分别为86%(18/21)和92%(22/24)(P>0.05),取出CIDR至发情的平均时间分别为(47.54±9.33)h和(49.74±6.69)h(P>0.05)。第2组1只母鹿表现出孕期发情现象。对发情母鹿进行腹腔镜人工输精,输精时间为取出CIDR后的48~78 h。输精后第5天到11月15日,每天早晨、中午和傍晚进行试情,检查人工输精母鹿返情情况,结果第1组和第2组人工输精母鹿未返情率分别为89%(16/18)和76%(16/21)。两组母鹿产仔率分别为50%(9/18)和38%(8/21)(P>0.05)。这对同期发情梅花鹿的定时输精特别有意义。     

影响甘肃马鹿产茸量的气象因素及其回归预测模型

对4个气象要素的20个指标进行主成分分析，结果表明：5、6月份气温、5、6、7月份相对湿度、6月份日照时数、7月份降水量、5-7月份平均气温和平均相对湿度以平均降水量、5-7月份总降水量11个指标为影响甘肃马鹿产茸量的主要指标，5月份为产茸公鹿管理的关键时期；对6个气象指标与10a的鲜茸产量进行了双重筛选回归，并建立了回归模型：Y=1.1729 37.7215X1-27.2111X2 3.3542X7-4.6166X8 2.2553X12 4.9403X20(R=0.9910)。     

Effects of 13-year fencing on browsing by sika deer on seedlings on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan

We examined the effects of fencing on deer browsing on seedlings 13 years after the building the experimental fence on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan, where the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population is high. There was no difference in the species number of seedlings between 1991 and 2004. The density of seedlings in the fenced plot in 2004 was three times higher than in 1991. Although the unfenced plots had no seedlings higher than 20 cm, there were seedlings up to 120 cm in the fenced plot. These results suggest that 13-year fencing promoted regeneration of seedlings in this area.     

梅花鹿生态学研究进展

对我国梅花鹿从其种群生态、栖息地、食性、活动习性等生态学研究进行了概述,指出目前国内学者对梅花鹿生态学的研究主要集中在栖息地的研究,并且阐明栖息地的减少与恶化是梅花鹿的种群濒危的主要原因之一。如何提高梅花鹿种群的密度与数量是今后梅花鹿研究的主要方向。     

Over-winter weight dynamics in supplementally fed free-ranging sika deer (Cervus nippon)

Continuous body weight dynamics in supplementally fed free-ranging sika deer (Cervus nippon) during the three consecutive overwinters (from January to April), 1992–1994 were surveyed. Almost all individuals lost weight continuously throughout each winter (adult deer 5–13%; young deer 3–19%) and several deer lost weight even in April. Weight gain after loss began in the mid-April when ambient temperature increased and when plant growth began. Weight dynamics varied according to sex, age and reproductive status. Adult deer showed significant large weight loss than the young. Young deer lost weight (calves 18±11 g/day, yearling and two-year-olds 27±29 g/day) more slowly than the adults (65±23 g/day). Following this study of over-winter body weight dynamics, it seems that early springs are the most critical periods for the survival of free-ranging sika deer because of their poor nutritional condition. A portion of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1994).     

Food habits of sika deer as assessed by fecal analysis in Mt. Ohdaigahara,central Japan

Food habits of sika deer,Cervus nippon centralis temminck, in Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan, were investigated by the fecal analysis method from September, 1990, to June, 1991. The fecal analysis showed that the percentage ofSasa nipponica Makino et Shibata in the fecal composition was approximately 50% throughout the year, indicating that it was the main food plant. Bark and twigs were also found in the feces in all seasons, suggesting that the deer ate bark throughout the year. Even though the amount of the bark eaten per capita was small, the high density of deer may possibly cause serious bark damage. Barking can be one of the main causes of the mortality ofPicea jezoensis Sieb. et Zucc. var.hondoensis (Mayr) Rehder andAbies homolepis Sieb. et Zucc. in Mt. Ohdaigahara. A part of this study was presented at the 105th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1994).     

江西省桃红岭梅花鹿自然保护区梅花鹿现状和保护对策

采用样方法对桃红岭梅花鹿种群进行调查研究，阐述该种群现状及其数量消长情况，并对其影响因子进行分析，提出可行的保护管理对策。     

CS-复合酶添加剂对梅花鹿生产性能影响的研究

在大兴安岭地区选择年龄、体质、健康状况、产茸性能相接近的梅花鹿100头，观察饲喂CS-复合酶添加剂对梅花鹿生产性能的影响。结果表明，试验组梅花鹿血液中红细胞、血红蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、血钙和血磷含量均高于对照组，且差异性显著（P〈0．05）；鹿茸产量提高了35．43％，并且脱盘时间早，膘情好；该添加剂具有促进造血机能、加快鹿茸生长、提高饲料利用率和鹿茸品质的作用。