关于兽药GMP认证过程中企业存在的问题与建议

主要对兽药GMP认证中存在的问题，结合兽药GMP标准提出相应的建议，以提高人们对兽药GMP的认识，使我国兽药GMP认证工作进一步加强。     

Elimination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plum pox virus</Emphasis> through in vitro thermotherapy and shoot tip culture compared to conventional heat treatment in apricot cultivar Bebecou

The effectiveness of in vitro thermotherapy (explants at 35–37°C for 20 days) in obtaining propagating material of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivar Bebecou that is free of Plum pox virus (PPV) was compared to a conventional heat treatment technique (potted plants at 30–35°C for 8 weeks). An improved protocol for in vitro thermotherapy was combined with shoot tip culture. The protocol is 5.8 times more effective than conventional thermotherapy while taking half the time and is likely to have a high commercial impact for nurseries.     

我国无公害农产品认证现状·问题及对策

在全国范围内实行"无公害食品行动计划",建立健全的无公害农产品认证制度是适应我国新农村发展新形势的需要。在介绍我国无公害农产品认证现状的基础上,分析我国无公害农产品存在的问题,并针对性地提出相应对策,以期促进我国无公害农产品认证工作更好地发展。     

Postgraduate training programs in veterinary clinical pathology in the United States and Canada (1998 to 2002)

Background: Residency and graduate programs in veterinary clinical pathology provide specialized training for board certification and are important pathways to careers in clinical pathology diagnostics, teaching, and research. Information about training opportunities is useful for assessing disciplinary needs, outcomes, and changes, garnering program support, and providing objective data for program evaluation by faculty, trainees, and prospective applicants. Objectives: The goals of this study were to 1) compile detailed information on the number and types of postgraduate training programs in veterinary clinical pathology in the United States and Canada, 2) describe the goals, activities, strengths, and weaknesses of the programs, 3) assess the desirability of program accreditation and program standards, 4) identify supplemental training opportunities, and 5) evaluate changes in programs, trainees, and faculty 4 years later. Methods: In July 1998, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Education Committee sent a survey to representatives at the 31 schools and colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada and 31 diagnostic laboratories, private hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies. Survey data were compared with updated information obtained from training program coordinators in November 2002. Results: Survey response rate was 94% for universities, 39% for nonuniversity institutions, and 66% overall. In 1998, there were 20 clinical pathology training programs, including residencies (n=10) and graduate programs combined with residency training (n=10), with 36 total training positions. In 2002, there were 25 training programs (14 residencies, 11 combined), with 52 total positions. The median faculty: trainee ratio was 2.0 in both years. Of 67 faculty members involved in training in 1998, 57 (85.1%) were board‐certified in clinical pathology and 53 (79.1%) had DVM/PhD degrees. Net faculty numbers increased by 17 (25.4%) but the median per institution remained at 3.0. Primary program goals were 1) eligibility for and successful achievement of board certification in clinical pathology by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, 2) proficiency in laboratory diagnostics, and 3) contemporary basic or applied research training. Many programs cited research opportunities, caseloads, and training in hematology and cytology as strengths. Program weaknesses included insufficient funding, too few faculty, and limited training in clinical chemistry and laboratory operations/quality assurance. Trainees completing programs within the past 5 years (n=70) were employed in academia (28.6%), diagnostic laboratories (32.9%), and industry (18.6%). For trainees completing programs between 1999 and 2002 (n=38), these percentages were 52.6%, 21.1%, and 7.9%, respectively. Most (62.5%) respondents supported program standards and accreditation, and 76% supported board review sessions for trainees. Conclusions: Opportunities for postgraduate training in veterinary clinical pathology increased between 1998 and 2002, with 5 new programs and 16 new training positions. These additions and the increased emphasis on diagnostic proficiency, efforts to strengthen training in clinical chemistry and quality assurance, and continuation of combined PhD‐residency programs will help address the perceived need for increased numbers of qualified clinical pathologists in academia, diagnostic laboratories, and industry.     

RAPD技术快速鉴定辣椒杂种纯度的研究

利用RAPD技术，通过对60个随机引物的筛选，获得能区分粤椒4号及其亲本的引物OPS—01、并得到单株验证。     

江津富硒青花椒气候品质评价认证技术研究

简要阐述了气象因素与花椒品质的关系,建立了青花椒气候品质认证模型。对江津地区种植的具有独特“富硒”特色气候品质的青花椒进行认证和评价,为富硒青花椒贴上“气候身份证”,打造江津青花椒的“硒有气质”。     

Scaling up: Bringing public institutions and food service corporations into the project for a local,sustainable food system in Ontario

This paper reports on a relationship between the University of Toronto and a non-profit, non-governmental (“third party”) certifying organization called Local Flavour Plus (LFP). The University as of August 2006 requires its corporate caterers to use local and sustainable farm products for a small but increasing portion of meals for most of its 60,000 students. LFP is the certifying body, whose officers and consultants have strong relations of trust with sustainable farmers. It redefines standards and verification to create ladders for farmers, Aramark and Chartwells (the corporations that won the bid), and the University, to continuously raise standards of sustainability. After years of frustrated efforts, other Ontario institutions are expressing interest, opening the possibility that a virtuous circle could lead to rapid growth in local, sustainable supply chains. The paper examines the specificities of the LFP approach and of the Toronto and Canadian context. Individuals in LFP acquired crucial skills, insights, experience, resources, and relationships of trust over 20 years within the Toronto “community of food practice,” located in a supportive municipal, NGO and social movement context. Harriet Friedman PhD, is Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto Mississauga and at the Centre for International Studies University of Toronto. Her research is in international and local politics of food and agriculture, focusing on contested transitions between food regimes. Her current research is on politics of standards and certification. Thanks to Lori Stahlbrand, Mike Schreiner, and Rod MacRae of LFP and Debbie Field and Zahra Parvinian of FoodShare for sharing time and insights at length, and to Wayne Roberts of TFPC, David Clandfield of New College, Josee Johnston, and Amber McNair for helpful conversations about our “community of practice.” Thanks to Yossi Cadam for the ladder metaphor.