云南省国外引种牧草、草坪病害研究 Ⅱ、禾本科牧草、草坪真菌病害

报道云南省禾本科牧草和草坪２９种植物上４６种真菌病害,其中：国内新记录４种,省内新记录１５种,省内已知种新分布２７种．危害普遍严重者如：黑麦草麦角病Ｃｌａｒｉｃｅｐｓｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ,黑麦草根腐病Ｄｒｅｃｈｓｌｅｒａｓｏｒｋｉｎｉａｎａ,臂形草全蚀病Ｇａｅｕｍａｍｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ,黑麦草冠锈病Ｐｕｃｉｎｉａｃｏｒｏｎａｖａｒ．ｌｏｌｉ,牛筋草梭斑病Ｐｙｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａｇｒｉｓｅａ等．新记录种中１０种有描述,其余名录叙述     

广西无公害养殖产品认定认证检测与监管对策

针对广西无公害养殖产品、产地认定和产品认证的概况,分析了在抽(采)样检测、认定认证管理、采用标准、养殖户的无公害养殖意识等方面存在的问题,并提出了广西无公害养殖业监管的6个对策。     

医学信息技术继续教育与认证

介绍了医学信息学教育在国内外的发展状况,结合当前我国医院信息化和医疗卫生改革,阐述了进行医学信息学教育认证和继续教育的必要性和可行性。     

Claiming seafood is ‘sustainable’ risks limiting improvements

Over the past decade, the sustainability of seafood production has improved and is cause for ocean optimism. In an attempt for recognition of ongoing efforts, many producers and food retailers now claim products are ‘sustainable’. What exactly does this mean and could we limit further improvement using this claim? Here, we discuss the sustainable/sustainability dichotomy, and the problem of communicating continual improvement in terms of grand and absolute claims – that is ‘We sell 100% sustainable product.’ We believe a statement like this risks short selling the challenges at hand and removes necessary and ongoing incentives for learning, improving and innovating. We argue the best path for producers and retailers is to demonstrate and communicate the concrete actions and achievements being made towards a more resilient and healthy food system today and for the future. This requires moving away from the current practice of calling products sustainable, and to instead work towards continually improving the sustainability of the products. Focusing on measuring the impact of our actions generates a wealth of substance and establishes a direction of travel towards seafood of greater sustainability and we believe this will help educate, inform and inspire consumers to make good choices for their own and future generations benefit. In this study, ‘seafood’ will refer to both farmed and wild seafood products, and ‘sustainability’ refers to the behavior that drives economic, environmental and ethical progress towards ensuring seafood availability ‘meet(s) the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’.     

绿色食品认证信息系统建设

本文在对国内外有关认证机构认证信息系统建设调研的基础上,提出了绿色食品认证信息系统的建设思路。重点介绍了绿色食品认证信息系统的结构、功能和应用情况。绿色食品认证信息系统的建成将进一步方便企业申请认证绿色食品、便于客户在网上查询相关信息,同时也将从一定程度上提高绿色食品的认证效率。     

Compatibility of timber and non-timber forest product management in natural tropical forests: Perspectives,challenges, and opportunities

Tropical forests could satisfy multiple demands for goods and services both for present and future generations. Yet integrated approaches to natural forest management remain elusive across the tropics. In this paper we examine one combination of uses: selective harvesting of timber and non-timber forest product (NTFP) extraction. We analyze the current status of this combination and speculate on prospects and challenges regarding: (i) resource inventory, (ii) ecology and silviculture, (iii) conflict in the use of multipurpose tree species, (iv) wildlife conservation and use, (v) tenure, and (vi) product certification. Our conclusions remain preliminary due to the relative paucity of published studies and lessons learned on what has worked and what has not in the context of integrated management for timber and NTFPs. We propose at least three ways where further research is merited. One, in improving ‘opportunistic’ situations driven by selective timber harvesting that also enhance NTFP values. Two, to explicitly enhance both timber and NTFP values through targeted management interventions. Three, to explicitly assess biophysical, social, regulatory and institutional aspects so that combined benefits are maximized. Interventions for enhancing the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction must be scaled in relation to the size of the area being managed, applied timber harvesting intensities, and the dynamics of multi-actor, forest partnerships (e.g., between the private sector and local communities). In addition, training and education issues may have to be re-crafted with multiple-use management approaches inserted into tropical forestry curricula.     

农民专业合作社开展有机茶认证的探讨

国际上称之的小农户组织,在国内则是农民专业合作社。中国农业科学院茶叶研究所有机茶研究与发展中心（OTRDC）在国际商品共同基金的资助下,对云南省双江县亥公村农民专业合作社持续开展了有机茶认证。农民专业合作社获得有机认证的关键因素是：有效的内部控制系统;与具有市场开拓能力和社会责任感的企业建立双赢合作关系;认证机构按照标准要求实施认证。     

国内外食品认证体制对比分析

基于我国食品认证体系现状,通过文献研究对我国食品认证体制进行深入分析,并对比和借鉴美国、欧盟与日本的食品认证体制的先进性,为我国食品认证工作提出恰当的对策建议,旨在促进我国食品认证体制的完善。     

RAPD技术快速鉴定辣椒杂种纯度的研究

利用RAPD技术，通过对60个随机引物的筛选，获得能区分粤椒4号及其亲本的引物OPS—01、并得到单株验证。     

No farmer left behind in sustainable biofuel production

Societal concerns about the social and environmental impacts of biofuel production are driving producers to adopt better management practices. Existing certification schemes for sustainable biofuel production are, however, biased towards industrial-scale producers that have the financial capital and economies of scale to meet sustainability and certification objectives. Smallholder farmers in developing countries, by contrast, often lack the means and capacity to do so. Some of the challenges faced by smallholders include high certification costs, insufficient institutional capacity, inadequate financial and social incentives, poor group organization and lack of external support. Drawing lessons from existing certification programs, we argue that proponents of sustainable practices and standards must fully appreciate the complex realities of smallholder production systems. We provide policy recommendations for ensuring that no farmer is left behind in the quest to increase sustainable biofuel production.