单瓣与重瓣樱花雌雄蕊发育的比较研究

对单瓣和重瓣樱花雌雄蕊的发育进行了系统观察。结果表明:单瓣樱花‘大岛樱’雌蕊1心皮1室,胚珠发育后心皮开始愈合,2倒生胚珠,通常仅有1个能发育为成熟胚囊,双珠被,厚珠心,大孢子四分体线型排列,胚囊发育方式属蓼型;雄蕊小孢子四分体为四面体型,成熟花粉为二细胞型。重瓣樱花‘普贤像’和‘一叶’雄蕊数量显著少于‘大岛樱’,花药瓣化,花粉败育,雌蕊叶化。‘普贤象’少数花萼筒上着生异位子房和败育胚珠,‘一叶’少数花未完全叶化的子房内壁着生败育胚珠;‘普贤象’和‘一叶’均存在同株花异型现象。并对樱花重瓣花形态建成的分子机制展开了探讨。     

Light quality affects in vitro adventitious rooting and ex vitro performance of cherry rootstock Colt

The effect of light quality on in vitro rooting of cherry rootstock “Colt” was studied to evaluate adventitious root development, ex vitro acclimatization and plant growth performance. Adventitious rooting was dependent on the light quality to which the microcutting were exposed. Highest number of roots per microcuttings was recorded under dichromatic light (blue + red). This response could be ascribed to the control of a strong synergistic interaction between phytochromes and blue light photoreceptors. Red light was more effective on root elongation than blue light. In this response a strong synergistic interaction between phytochromes and blue light photoreceptors was suggested. The effect of light quality on the number of root/explant affected the plant during acclimation, scoring the highest level of plant survival in the blue-, red- and blue + red-exposed plantlets. The light quality effect was also observed under greenhouse culture conditions, as shown by growth parameters at the end of six months in plants growth. No specific role was observed for the photoequilibrium of phytochrome. The results reported in this work show that plantlets exposed to different light quality, during the in vitro rooting phase, retain the light quality effects in the subsequent plant acclimatization and greenhouse plant growth phase.     

欧洲甜樱桃的组织培养与快速繁殖技术

以欧洲甜樱桃当年萌生嫩枝为外植体,研究不同种类和不同浓度生长调节物质对初代、增殖和生根培养的影响。结果表明：MS＋6-BA1．5mg／L＋IAA0．3mg／L为欧洲甜樱桃最佳初代培养基,茅诱导率达89％,在MS培养基中分别添加0．2mg／L细胞分裂素（6-BA）和0．1mg／L生长素（IAA）增殖效果最佳;组培苗在1／2MS＋IBA0．2mg／L培养基上根诱导效果最好。     

早熟欧李新品种‘京欧1号’

早熟欧李新品种‘京欧1号’是于1999年从实生苗选育而来。平均单果质量6.2g,出汁率82.4%,可溶性固形物含量15.4%,可溶性糖含量7.85%,总酸含量1.12%,糖酸比7.01,钙含量249mg·kg-1,维生素C含量380mg·kg-1,氨基酸总量5.13g·kg-1。果实在北京地区7月中旬成熟。     

冬樱花扦插苗与实生苗对不同形态无机氮素吸收的动力学特征分析

以冬樱花（Cerasus cerasoides[D. Don]Sok）扦插苗和实生苗为试材,研究其在水培条件下对外源铵态N（氮）和硝态N比例（5︰0、4︰1、3︰2、2︰3、1︰4）处理中铵态N、硝态N和总无机N素在24 h后的吸收动力学响应。结果表明：随着外源铵：硝比例的降低,铵态N的净流速逐渐下降,硝态N的净流速逐渐上升,扦插苗吸收的总无机N素净流速在外源铵︰硝比为3︰2时达到最大（6.70 ± 0.34）μmol ? h-1后下降,而实生苗在外源铵︰硝比为1︰4时达到最大（14.88 ± 1.99）μmol ? h-1;总体上,总无机N素进入扦插苗的平均净流速[（4.76 ± 1.29）μmol ? h-1]低于实生苗[（12.95 ± 1.35）μmol ? h-1]（P < 0.05）,但两种苗木间净吸收速率差异不显著（32 ~ 34 μmol ? h-1 ? g-1）。养分吸收动力学参数拟合结果显示,扦插苗更加偏好于吸收硝态N,实生苗则更加偏好于吸收铵态N,但当外源铵硝比小于4︰1时,两种苗木同时偏向于对硝态N的吸收。控制外源铵硝比例在3︰2可以促进冬樱花扦插苗对无机N素的吸收,而控制外源铵硝比例在2︰3以下则更有利于实生苗对无机N素的吸收。     

中国樱桃14个自然居群遗传多样性和遗传结构的SSR评价

以中国樱桃14个自然居群280个个体为材料,采用SSR分子标记技术分析其遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：11对SSR引物共检测到80个等位基因,各引物扩增条带在4 ~ 13条之间。基因多样性指数（h）为0.5431 ~ 0.7151,Shannon’s信息指数（I）为0.9057 ~ 1.4684。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明,遗传变异主要来自居群内（70.00%）,Mantel检验显示总群体的遗传距离和地理距离显著相关（r = 0.472,P = 0.011)。因此,中国樱桃在居群水平（PPL = 100%,h = 0.643,I = 1.207）和物种水平（PPL = 100%,h = 0.743,I = 1.591）上均具有较高的遗传多样性。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区经济作物欧李的水土保持功能

[目的]研究经济作物欧李在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的水土保持功能,为当地推广欧李种植提供理论支撑。[方法]以山西省吕梁市柳林县4类试样样地为对象,对欧李种植区土壤持水性、团聚体水稳定性及抗蚀性进行研究。[结果](1)欧李种植区土壤容重明显低于其他样地土壤,其中阳坡欧李Ⅲ号区土壤容重最低,表层和亚表层分别为0.954,1.163g/cm3,容重与总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度呈极显著负相关。(2)欧李在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区适应性极强,通过种植可以显著改善土壤肥力。(3)欧李样地土壤0.25mm风干及水稳性团聚体、土壤团聚体平均重量直径及团聚体水稳性指数均远高于该地区传统水土保持植物样地和撂荒地样地的土壤,并且团聚体破坏率最低。(4)欧李样地土壤0—40cm土层平均可蚀性因子K值最低,对表层及亚表层土壤保护效果更好。(5)K值与黏粒和有机质含量呈极显著负相关,与粉粒含量呈极显著正相关,土壤质地决定土壤抗蚀性能。[结论]欧李在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区具有很好的适应性,不仅可以增加农民收入,更对提高当地水土保持能力,改善生态环境具有重要意义。     

天山樱桃花粉特性研究

以新疆伊犁霍域大西沟野果林的天山樱桃为研究对象,通过对其花粉量、花粉形态和花粉生活力等方面的研究,发现天山樱桃每花药平均为407.5粒花粉,花粉量明显低于栽培樱桃早大果和布鲁克斯;天山樱桃花粉形态为长球形或超长球形,个体花粉极面观为三裂圆,极面平滑,辐射对称,萌发沟明显细长,长至两端,均属三沟型;花粉离体萌发试验发现,在所设梯度中最适宜的培养基为：1%琼脂＋20%震糖＋0.01%硼酸,萌发率高达51.07%。     

不同取穗枝条部位和搁置时间对福建山樱花扦插育苗的影响

以福建山樱花8年生实生苗的当年生半木质化枝条为试材,研究了不同取穗枝条部位和穗条搁置在空气中的时间对福建山樱花扦插育苗的影响。结果表明,取穗枝条部位和搁置时间对扦插苗生长影响显著,取枝条中部作插穗,成活率、地径和根系数均极显著高于顶部和基部,中部的苗高极显著高于基部,基部的地径显著大于顶部;搁置时间0min的成活率、不定根数、地径、苗高和根系数均最高,分别达83．44％、5．11、0．50em、41．17em和9．06;以2份素河沙＋1份黄心土为基质的成活率极显著高于1份素河沙＋1份黄心土,而后者的地径显著高于前者。     

Soil sterilisation and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote root respiration and growth of sweet cherry rootstocks

Soil microorganisms play important roles in the plant-soil ecosystem, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) promotes plant growth through several mechanisms. To investigate the benefits of PGPR for root functions such as respiration, we used the plant model Cerasus sachalinensis Kom., in which root respiration provides a sensitive functional indicator to demonstrate the effect of soil sterilisation (SS) and inoculation with the PGPR Staphylococcus sciuri ss sciuri after SS on seedling root respiration and growth. Root respiration increased in the presence of PGPR inoculation alone, whereas Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway activity decreased due to reduced phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activities. Although cytochrome c oxidase activity decreased and alternative oxidase activity increased, only slight changes were observed in growth indicators such as seedling height. However, SS and PGPR inoculation after sterilisation reduced soil microbial biomass carbon and reduced root respiration. Pyruvate kinase activity as well as plant height and leaf number increased, thus promoting plant growth. Thus, we conclude that SS and PGPR inoculation altered enzymes activities, root respiration and plant growth of cherry rootstocks. The effects of microbial inoculation were altered by SS.