黑麂血液生理生化指标的测定

首次检测了黑麂血液常规和生理生化等23项指标,并与鹿科梅花鹿做了比较。测定结果显示,黑麂的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容高于梅花鹿指标,而白细胞、红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白量、红细胞体积分布宽度指标低于梅花鹿指标。黑麂白细胞分类结果显示,白细胞和单核细胞约占90%;嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞所占百分比各占约2%。黑麂血清生化指标测定结果显示,总胆固醇和血糖两项指标高于梅花鹿的指标;甘油三酯(TG)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDI-C)含量显著高于梅花鹿。检测结果反映了黑麂的机体生理机能,是进行疾病临床诊断和治疗的依据。     

Effects of three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: IV. Diffusion through the xylem of metabolites produced by two tracheiphilous fungi in the woody tissue of grapevine leads to esca-like symptoms on leaves and berries

Two naphthalenone pentaketides (scytalone and isosclerone) and α-glucans (pullulan) are produced in vitro and in planta by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) and Togninia minima (Tmi), two tracheiphilous fungi associated with the ‘esca’ disease of grapevines. The possible role of such fungal metabolites in inducing symptoms on leaves and berries was studied in a vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Italia located in southern Italy. During early spring, pruning off two to four branches per vine allowed samples of xylem sap to be collected. Vine bleeding, assessed as ml day⁻¹ vine⁻¹, reached its maximum at bud burst and stopped within 28 days. The total amount of sap collected from healthy vines was about a quarter of that from esca-affected vines. During the same period, the leaf water potential of diseased vines increased progressively (i.e. showed less negative values), indicating a dysfunction in water and nutrient supply to the new growth. Both fungi were isolated from the xylem sap and from the woody tissue of branches and the trunk of diseased vines. Conidia isolated from the sap showed a high germination rate (>90%). Bioactive concentrations of the two pentaketides were detected in xylem sap, leaves and berries at various stages of seasonal growth. Exopolysaccharides, including pullulan, were found in the xylem sap. Absorption of culture filtrates of Pch and Tmi, as well as weak solutions of purified preparations of scytalone, isosclerone or pullulan, on detached leaves and berries caused symptoms similar to those shown by the esca-affected vines in the field.     

黑杨派南方型无性系高生长与气候条件的斜率关联度分析

用灰色系统理论的斜率关联度分析法，求得影响黑杨派南方型无性系高生长的主要气候因子依次为：降水量、极低温、极高温、蒸发量、日照时数、积温、年均温（或相至湿度）、相以湿度（或年均温）、无霜期。     

Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle

We determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half-sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue-playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self-licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.     

黑小麦新品种的创育及其应用策略探讨

本文简要分析了当前黑小麦品种的特点，根据实践对黑小麦新品种的创育提出了不同的目标和途径，介绍了2个黑小麦新品种并对其应用的策略进行了探讨。     

Performance of using opposing homozygotes for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle

Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in Japanese Black cattle enable genomic prediction and verifying parent–offspring relationships. We assessed the performance of opposing homozygotes (OH) for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle, using SNP genotype information of 50 sires and 3,420 fattened animals, 1,945 of which were fathered by the 50 genotyped sires. The number of OH was counted for each sire–progeny pair in 28,764 SNPs with minor allele frequencies of ≥0.05 in this population. Across all pairs of animals, the number of OH tended to increase as the pedigree-based coefficient of relationship decreased. With a threshold of 288 (1% of SNPs) for paternity testing, most sire–progeny pairs were detected as true relationships. The frequency of Mendelian inconsistencies was 2.4%, reflecting the high accuracy of pedigree information in Japanese Black cattle population. The results indicate the utility of OH for paternity testing in Japanese Black cattle.     

不同屠宰活重豫西黑猪的营养成分及肉质特性分析

【目的】探讨豫西黑猪营养成分及肉质性状在不同体重阶段的发育性变化规律。【方法】选取平均体重约为60、75、90、105、120 kg 5个体重阶段的豫西黑猪,每组5头,共25头,每组随机选取3头进行屠宰,公母随机。屠宰后取背最长肌测定眼肌面积、背膘厚、脂肪率、失水率、脂肪酸、氨基酸和胆固醇等指标,测定肌内脂肪含量、脂滴直径和脂滴数目,采集100 g腰大肌测定熟肉率。【结果】豫西黑猪在体重达到120 kg之前,随着屠宰活重的增加,眼肌面积、背膘厚、脂肪率、熟肉率、肌内脂肪含量、肉色、剪切力、脂滴数目和脂滴直径均随之增加。眼肌面积在105、120 kg时均极显著高于60、75 kg(P＜0.01),显著高于90 kg(P＜0.05);背膘厚在90、105、120 kg时均极显著高于60 kg(P＜0.01);肌内脂肪含量在90、105、120 kg时均显著高于60、75 kg(P＜0.05);脂滴直径和脂滴数目在75、90、105、120 kg时均显著高于60 kg(P＜0.05);脂肪酸中饱和脂肪酸以肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等为主,不饱和脂肪酸以棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸等为主,氨基酸种类丰富,组氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸含量在120 kg时均显著高于105 kg(P＜0.05)。体重与熟肉率、粗蛋白质、肉色、粗脂肪呈极显著或显著正相关(P＜0.01;P＜0.05);肌内脂肪含量与大理石花纹、粗脂肪、肉色、脂滴直径呈极显著或显著正相关(P＜0.01;P＜0.05)。【结论】屠宰活重在120 kg时,豫西黑猪肌内脂肪含量适中,大理石花纹丰富,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比例适宜,鲜味氨基酸含量增加,胆固醇含量较低,肉色鲜嫩,胴体品质和肉品质最佳。     

Management Effects on Biomass and Foliar Nutritive Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gleditsia triacanthos</Emphasis> f. <Emphasis Type="Italic">inermis</Emphasis> in Arkansas,USA

The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha⁻¹, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg⁻¹, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha⁻¹), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages.     

四倍体刺槐组培瓶苗生根培养及生根苗移栽研究

四倍体刺槐是从韩国和匈牙利引进的大叶速生刺槐人工诱变的四倍体树种，具有速生、叶大、条粗、枝密、抗性强等特点，生长速度是普通刺槐的2倍以上。利用不同质量的组培瓶苗为材料，选取最佳生根状态的组培瓶苗进行生根培养和生根苗移栽试验，成功地筛选出生根培养基激素和生根苗移栽基质的最佳组合，建立了四倍体刺槐的再生系统。     

Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field. Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai