坛紫菜藻红蛋白分离纯化研究

[目的]建立一种新型、高效、快速的藻红蛋白分离纯化方法,并对其分离机理进行探讨。[方法]以坛紫菜的藻红蛋白搅切法提取物为原料,首先通过100和500 kDa的超滤离心管对其进行超滤分离,再在Superose 12色谱柱上以不同种类和不同浓度的流动相对藻红蛋白粗提物进行等度洗脱,分析其分离机理,并优化分离条件。[结果]在0.05 mol/L NaCl等度洗脱的条件下,藻红蛋白在Superose12色谱柱上表现为典型的氢键吸附模式;在优化的条件下,通过超滤-Superose 12氢键吸附分离的方法,可以使坛紫菜藻红蛋白提取物纯度(A565/A280)达到7.98,总回收率52.9%。[结论]该研究结果表明藻红蛋白在Superose 12色谱柱上存在氢键吸附作用,同时,该研究所建立的超滤-Superose 12氢键吸附分离方法是一种新型、高效、快速的藻红蛋白分离纯化方法。     

Effects of different forms and origins of oilseeds on dynamics of ruminal biohydrogenation of long‐chain fatty acids in vitro

Dietary unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are intensively hydrogenated in the rumen, resulting in reduced amount of poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of several biohydrogenation (BH) products. In this study, BH of PUFA originating from different oilseeds (linseed, soya beans, sunflower seed and rapeseed) present in crushed oilseeds or their free oils were assessed in vitro. The assay substrates were incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. After incubation, the FA pattern of the incubated samples was analysed using gas chromatography. Biohydrogenation is defined as disappearance of double bonds (DB) calculated from the contents of unsaturated FA. After 24‐h incubation, the DB contents of all oilseeds were reduced (p < 0.001) by 40–60%. The reduction was higher (p < 0.001) for the crushed form compared with the oil form. In addition, linseed and sunflower seed known as oilseeds with high contents of linolenic acid C18:3 c9,12,15 (LNA) and linoleic acid C18:2 c9,12 (LA), respectively, showed a higher (p < 0.001) accumulation of the BH intermediates conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, isomer C18:2 c9t11) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) for the crushed form, when compared with the oil. These results suggest an inherent effect of the physical form of the assay oilseeds on in vitro BH. Changes in FA pattern during BH in vitro can be attributed to both source and physical form of the assay oilseeds. However, further investigations are warranted to ensure whether the observed in vitro effects on ruminal BH can be confirmed in vivo.     

复合阻燃剂对思茅松胶合板性能的影响

选用5种磷-氮-硼复合体系阻燃剂对思茅松单板进行真空加压处理,用于制备阻燃胶合板,测试思茅松阻燃胶合板的胶合强度、燃烧性能、吸湿性和抗流失性.结果表明:当阻燃剂载药率为10%时,阻燃胶合板的胶合强度均≥1.15 MPa,超过Ⅱ类胶合板标准0.8 MPa;极限氧指数值均>38%,达到日本JIS难燃一级指标要求.当载药率为15%时,FR-a,FR-b和FR-c 3种阻燃剂处理的阻燃胶合板的极限氧指数值为53%~59%.5种阻燃剂中,FR-a会显著增加木材的吸湿性,其他阻燃剂对吸湿性影响不大.与阻燃剂的水溶性相对应,FR-a和FR-b抗流失性较差,FR-d和FR-e具有优良的抗流失性,FR-c则有一定的抗流失性.5种阻燃剂相比较,FR-c的综合性能最优.     

不同大豆品种11S球蛋白结构特性与表面疏水性关系研究

以6个代表性大豆品种制备11S球蛋白,研究大豆11S球蛋白结构特性与表面疏水性关系。采用ANS荧光探针法测定表面疏水性,Ellman试剂分析法测定巯基和二硫键含量,激光拉曼光谱和荧光光谱分析空间构象。结论表明,大豆11S球蛋白表面疏水性与α-螺旋含量、β-折叠含量负相关,与β-转角含量、无规则卷曲含量正相关;与拉曼光谱色氨酸费米共振I1360/I1340值负相关,与拉曼光谱酪氨酸费米共振I850/I830值正相关,与暴露酪氨酸残基克分子数正相关,与N暴露N包埋值正相关;与暴露巯基含量、巯基暴露程度正相关,与游离巯基含量、二硫键含量、二硫键构象相关性不显著。     

中密度纤维板内结合强度检测研究

分析比较了中密度纤维板试件在检测时所用万向节数量和试件与卡头胶结后多长时间进行检测对内结合强度测试结果的影响,试验结果表明:使用万向节对内结合强度的测试值有一定的影响,使用两个万向节的内结合强度测试值比用一个和不用要大;从卡头的温度达到环境温度(20±2)℃开始计时,随着时间的增加,内结合强度的测试值先增大且在1h时达到最大值,然后逐渐减小,最后趋于恒定.     

超声波与纳米TiO_2改性脲醛树脂的研究

为了降低脲醛树脂的游离甲醛含量及其胶接制品的甲醛释放量,采用超声波技术,在脲醛树脂合成的过程中加入纳米TiO2对脲醛树脂进行改性。通过改变超声频率和纳米TiO2的添加量考察了其对脲醛树脂的黏度、固化时间、游离甲醛含量及胶合板的甲醛释放量和胶合强度的影响。结果表明:超声频率和纳米TiO2添加量对脲醛树脂甲醛释放量和胶合强度影响显著。当超声频率为28 kHz、纳米TiO2的添加量为0.05%时,树脂的游离甲醛含量降低了77.8%,胶合板的胶合强度提高了155%,甲醛释放量降低了68.3%。13C-核磁共振分析显示,在超声波的作用下,纳米TiO2改性脲醛树脂中有Uron-CH2-Uron结构存在。     

Effect of temperature, time and wheat gluten moisture content on wheat gluten network formation during thermomolding

A plastic-like material can be obtained by thermomolding wheat gluten protein which consists of glutenin and gliadin. We studied the effect of molding temperature (130-170 °C), molding time (5-25 min) and initial wheat gluten moisture content (5.6-18.0%) on the gluten network. Almost no glutenins were extractable after thermomolding irrespective of the molding conditions. At the lowest molding temperature, the extractable gliadin content decreased with increasing molding times and moisture contents. This effect was more pronounced for the α- and γ-gliadins than for the ω-gliadins. Protein extractabilities under reducing conditions revealed that, at this molding temperature, the cross-linking was predominantly based on disulfide bonds. At higher molding temperatures, also non-disulfide bonds contributed to the gluten network. Decreasing cystine contents and increasing free sulfhydryl and dehydroalanine (DHA) contents with increasing molding temperatures and times revealed the occurrence of β-elimination reactions during thermomolding. Under the experimental conditions, the DHA derived cross-link lanthionine (LAN) was detected in all gluten samples thermomolded at 150 and 170 °C. LAN was also formed at 130 °C for gluten samples containing 18.0% moisture. Degradation was observed at 150 °C for samples thermomolded from gluten with 18.0% moisture content or thermomolded at 170 °C for all moisture contents.     

中国北方农牧交错带中段近60年气温序列变化研究

利用1955-2014年中国北方农牧交错带中段10个气象观测站的气温时间序列资料,在分析气温变化结构的基础上运行气候突变检验和小波分析,用以解释气温变化的多时间尺度的复杂结构,分析不同时间尺度下气候气温变化的突变点和周期性变化规律。结果表明：近60 a来研究区内平均气温呈现普遍升高趋势,尤其在20世纪80年代以后升高趋势更加显著,达到99%置信度,升温速率达到0.45℃·10a^-1,高于全国和全球的气温增长率。2008年后区域进入降温过程,冬季降温尤为明显,其原因是全球变化发生停滞;气候突变检验表明区域年平均气温的升温突变发生在1986年,显著升温开始于1991年,冬季升温突变时间最早,发生在1978年,夏季升温突变时间滞后,出现于1991年;周期检验表明区域内气温存在5~10 a和30 a的多重时间尺度结构的变化特征,预计2008年后年平均气温和季节平均气温增加速度将变缓,甚至可能发生变暖停滞。     

基于突变级数模型的农村生态环境压力评价

从农村工业污染、农业面源污染和农村生态服务价值变化三方面出发,构建农村生态环境压力指标,以省(市)为核算单元,利用突变级数模型定量评价1990-2006年间农村生态环境压力,并分析农村生态环境压力的时空分异特征。研究结果表明:1)1990-2006年间农村发展对生态环境的压力逐步增大,农业面源污染和农村工业污染对生态环境的压力占主导地位;2)农村生态环境压力相对较大的地区主要分布在农业集约化程度较高、农村工业较发达、人口众多的地区,如浙江、湖南、广东、四川、河北、河南、江苏和山东等省市。3)不同区域农村生态环境压力的来源差异也较大,因此不同区域应据此实行差别化的管理措施。     

Modeling by Bond Graph and Simulation for a Metal Pushing Belt Continuously Variable Transmission System

Continuously variable transmission is the ideal transmission mode, the Metal Pushing Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is the most mature CVT used in vehicle at present. By studying the transmission mechanism and ratio change characteristics of Metal Pushing Continuously Variable Transmission system, and using the bond graph theory, a bond graph model of continuously variable transmission is established in this paper, and the state space function is derived. Based on the model, The simulation of transmission characteristics of a CVT car is studied, the simulation result shows that the dynamic characteristics of continuously variable transmission could be expressed in this model. The research results can provide the theoretical analysis method and design basis for CVT vehicle.[WT5HZ]