The importance of mother–infant communication for social bond formation in mammals

Mother–infant bonding is a universal relationship of all mammalian species. Here, we describe the role of reciprocal communication between mother and infant in the formation of bonding for several mammalian species. Mother–infant bond formation is reinforced by various social cues or stimuli, including communicative signals, such as odor and vocalizations, or tactile stimuli. The mother also develops cross‐modal sensory recognition of the infant, during bond formation. Many studies have indicated that the oxytocin neural system plays a pivotal role in bond formation by the mother; however, the underlying neural mechanisms for infants have not yet been clarified. The comparative understanding of cognitive functions of mother and infants may help us understand the biological significance of mother–infant communication in mammalian species.     

浅谈混凝土结构加固方案的选择

介绍了混凝土加固的各种方法及技术特点、加固原理及其在各类混凝土结构构件加固中的机理作用,阐明在确定加固方案时应综合考虑各种因素,最终选择正确合理的加固方案至关重要。     

Improve regression-based models for prediction of internal-bond strength of particleboard using Buckingham’s pi-theorem

Internal bond (IB) strength is one of the most important me-chanical properties that indicate particleboard quality. The aim of this study was to find a simple regression model that considers the most ...     

Dough and bread made from high- and low-protein flours by vacuum mixing: Part 1: Gluten network formation

The effects of reduced headspace pressure on the development of gluten network in doughs made from both high-protein flour (HPF) and low-protein flour (LPF) were investigated. The effect of vacuum mixing was found to be dependent on both flour-type and mixing-time. A significant increase in dough extensibility was observed when the HPF dough was mixed under moderate vacuum of −0.04 MPa for 3 min as compared to the one mixed under atmospheric pressure for the same duration. This was attributed to the formation of a more extensive gluten network associated with an increased disulphide bond density and a significantly higher β-sheet to β-turn ratio. On the other hand, over-mixing was observed in the LPF dough that was mixed for 5 min under atmospheric pressure. Applying moderate vacuum of −0.04 MPa allowed the LPF dough to withstand longer mixing time, as indicated by its increased disulphide bond density and biaxial extensibility compared to the control dough mixed under atmospheric pressure. Results of this study suggest the potential of applying vacuum to reduce the mixing time required for high protein flour and to prevent the over-mixing of low protein flour.     

Structural mechanics of wood composite materials I: Ultrasonic evaluation of internal bond strength during an accelerated aging test

This research attempts to observe indirectly the variation of internal bond characteristics for wood composite materials during accelerated aging test treatment using ultrasonic pulse-transmission techniques. Particleboard (PB) and oriented strandboard (OSB) were the representative specimens. The transit time of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the samples along the nominal length and thickness directions was recorded using an apparatus called PUNDIT (C.N.S. Electronic, London). The transit times were measured in the samples under an oven-dried condition after treating them with boiling water at different treating time stages, and the velocity was then calculated based on the transit time. Examination of the internal bond strength conducted on the same samples was done according to JIS A 5908. A study of the relations among springback, internal bond strength, and velocity indicated that a high correlation existed between ultrasonic velocity measured in the length or thickness direction and the internal bond strength for the PB specimen, but no significant correlation was observed between the velocity measured in the length direction and the internal bond strength for the OSB specimen. The results of this research suggested that ultrasound techniques can be applied to predict or evaluate the internal bond state of some wood-composite materials made of relatively small particles, such as PB especially, during accelerated aging test treatment processes.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

不同胶粘面积钢板加气混凝土砌块粘结性能试验

针对新型地下粮仓采用钢板作为防水层、环氧结构胶粘结钢板与加气混凝土砌块作为防潮层的构造做法,分析在粮食水平侧压力及竖向摩擦力作用下该构造层的安全性与可靠性,设计3种胶粘面积分别为A、0.8A、0.5A的试件（A为单块加气混凝土砌块与钢板的接触面积）,分别对其进行竖向单向加载与水平-竖向双向加载,分析3种胶粘面积及2种受力状态对钢板加气混凝土砌块构造层的荷载-位移、承载能力、粘结强度及破坏形态的影响。研究结果表明：水平荷载即仓内储粮产生的水平侧压力对界面粘结性能是有利的;试件在水平-竖向双向加载时更有利于界面的稳定;竖向单向加载作用下胶粘面积为0.5A时的理论最大储粮高度最小,且大于实际储粮高度,说明在地下粮仓设计中,当环氧结构胶粘结面积超过加气混凝土砌块与钢板接触面积的50%时,能够满足储粮荷载作用下的承载能力及粘结强度要求。研究成果可为新型地下粮仓防水防潮构造层的安全性与可靠性提供参考依据。     

不同大豆品种11S球蛋白结构特性与表面疏水性关系研究

以6个代表性大豆品种制备11S球蛋白,研究大豆11S球蛋白结构特性与表面疏水性关系。采用ANS荧光探针法测定表面疏水性,Ellman试剂分析法测定巯基和二硫键含量,激光拉曼光谱和荧光光谱分析空间构象。结论表明,大豆11S球蛋白表面疏水性与α-螺旋含量、β-折叠含量负相关,与β-转角含量、无规则卷曲含量正相关;与拉曼光谱色氨酸费米共振I1360/I1340值负相关,与拉曼光谱酪氨酸费米共振I850/I830值正相关,与暴露酪氨酸残基克分子数正相关,与N暴露N包埋值正相关;与暴露巯基含量、巯基暴露程度正相关,与游离巯基含量、二硫键含量、二硫键构象相关性不显著。     

中密度纤维板内结合强度检测研究

分析比较了中密度纤维板试件在检测时所用万向节数量和试件与卡头胶结后多长时间进行检测对内结合强度测试结果的影响,试验结果表明:使用万向节对内结合强度的测试值有一定的影响,使用两个万向节的内结合强度测试值比用一个和不用要大;从卡头的温度达到环境温度(20±2)℃开始计时,随着时间的增加,内结合强度的测试值先增大且在1h时达到最大值,然后逐渐减小,最后趋于恒定.     

超声波与纳米TiO_2改性脲醛树脂的研究

为了降低脲醛树脂的游离甲醛含量及其胶接制品的甲醛释放量,采用超声波技术,在脲醛树脂合成的过程中加入纳米TiO2对脲醛树脂进行改性。通过改变超声频率和纳米TiO2的添加量考察了其对脲醛树脂的黏度、固化时间、游离甲醛含量及胶合板的甲醛释放量和胶合强度的影响。结果表明:超声频率和纳米TiO2添加量对脲醛树脂甲醛释放量和胶合强度影响显著。当超声频率为28 kHz、纳米TiO2的添加量为0.05%时,树脂的游离甲醛含量降低了77.8%,胶合板的胶合强度提高了155%,甲醛释放量降低了68.3%。13C-核磁共振分析显示,在超声波的作用下,纳米TiO2改性脲醛树脂中有Uron-CH2-Uron结构存在。