茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响

以山东富士苹果为试材,通过测定鲜切苹果经不同浓度茶树精油(0.1％、0.3％、0.5％(V/V))和1.5％(m/V)海藻酸钠复合涂膜处理后,在4℃贮藏过程中失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、色差、VC含量、总酚含量及抗氧化活性的变化,研究茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响.结果表明:适宜浓度的茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜处理可以有效保持鲜切苹果的鲜度和硬度,减少失重率的增加和可溶性固形物含量的降低,抑制褐变,同时减缓VC含量、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力的下降速度.其中,1.5％海藻酸钠和0.1％茶树精油复配涂膜处理鲜切苹果的效果最佳.该研究结果可为茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜在鲜切水果保鲜上的深入研究和应用提供参考.     

石油采出水诱发蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的研究

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,对大庆市4个采油厂聚驱的石油采出水遗传毒性进行分析研究。结果表明:经聚合物驱油的石油采出水处理过的蚕豆根尖细胞,其染色体均发生异常,出现断片、桥以及滞后染色体等现象,有明显的微核效应和遗传毒性,加水稀释对于减轻其毒性的作用甚小,如果不加处理地排放将会给生态环境造成危害。     

青刺尖种籽油抗缺氧生理活性的研究

青刺尖（Prinsepia utilis Royle)为蔷薇科植物,主要分布在西南地区海拔2300m至3200m山区,其种籽可榨取食用油,味香,口感好,当地人自古有采种,榨油,食用和护发等的传统,研究表明,青刺尖种籽油灌胃小鼠30d,对实验小鼠的体重无显著影响。处理组与对照组比较,在常压抗氧试验,NaNO2中毒存活试验和急性脑缺血性氧试验中,其抗缺氧时间,存活时间有显著的差异,此表明青刺尖油具有提高小鼠缺氧耐力的作用。     

Oil content and fatty acid composition of promising IndianBrassica campestris L. (Toria) genotypes

Seeds of sixty four genotypes ofBrassica campestris L. (Toria) were analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Oil content varied from 38.9% to 44.6%. Major fatty acids viz. oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic and erucic acids exhibited ranges from 10.1% to 17.3%, 5.9% to 14.5%, 5.2% to 15.0%, 7.7% to 13.7% and 39.6% to 59.9%, respectively. Compared to the standard cultivar ITSA, four genotypes contained 5 to 8% lower content of erucic acid; and six genotypes contained significantly higher content of linoleic acid. Oil was positively correlated with erucic acid. The observed inverse relationship between linoleic and erucic acid contents might be utilized in breeding nutritionally better Toria cultivars with both high linoleic and low erucic acid contents.     

蒸馏时间对1,8-桉叶素型互叶白千层油得率和成分的影响

【目的】研究蒸馏时间对1,8-桉叶素型互叶白千层油得率和成分的影响,探讨其利用价值。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法从1,8-桉叶素型互叶白千层提取精油,采集不同蒸馏时间段的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-M S)对挥发油的化学成分进行定性,参照ISO 4730:2017标准用气相色谱进行定量分析。【结果】随着蒸馏时间的延长,1,8-桉叶素型互叶白千层叶挥发油相对得率随之降低,蒸馏2小时后,96%以上的挥发油已被蒸出,精油主要成分1,8-桉叶素(70.537%,),α-松油醇(10.222%),柠檬烯(8.429%),α-蒎烯(3.080%),β-月桂烯(2.030%),4-松油醇(1.351%)含量变化不大。【结论】1,8-桉叶素型互叶白千层蒸馏时间以2小时为宜。     

Effects of incremental amounts of fish oil on trans fatty acids and Butyrivibrio bacteria in continuous culture fermenters

Previous studies have shown that adding fish oil (FO) to ruminant animal diets increased vaccenic acid (VA; t11 C18:1) accumulation in the rumen. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary FO amounts on selected strains of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation. A single‐flow continuous culture system consisting of four fermenters was used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 9 days consecutive periods. Treatment diets were as follows: (i) control diet (53:47 forage to concentrate; CON), (ii) control plus FO at 0.5% (DM basis; FOL), (iii) control plus FO at 2% (DM basis; FOM) and (iv) control plus FO at 3.5% (DM basis; FOH). Fermenters were fed treatment diets three times daily at 120 g/day. Samples were collected from each fermenter on day 9 of each period at 1.5, 3 and 6 h post‐morning feeding and then composited into one sample per fermenter. Increasing dietary FO amounts resulted in a linear decrease in acetate and isobutyrate concentrations and a linear decrease in acetate‐to‐propionate ratio. Propionate, butyrate, valerate and isovalerate concentrations were not affected by FO supplementation. Concentrations of C18:0 in fermenters linearly decreased, while concentrations of t10 C18:1 and VA linearly increased as dietary FO amounts increased. The concentrations of c9t11 and t10c12 conjugated linoleic acid were not affected by FO supplementation. The DNA abundance for Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio vaccenic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio stearic acid subgroup and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus linearly decreased as dietary FO amounts increased. In conclusion, FO effects on trans fatty acid accumulation in the rumen may be explained in part by FO influence on Butyrivibrio group.     

早熟高产优质小花生新品种冀花10号的选育

冀花10号系河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以冀9102为母本、87-77为父本,通过人工杂交和改良系谱法选育而成的早熟、高产、油用型小果花生新品种。该品种具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病和适应性强等特性。在河北省区域试验中,平均荚果产量为4128.00 kg/hm2,较对照鲁花12号增产20.71%;在河北省生产试验中,平均荚果产量为3694.20 kg/hm2,较对照鲁花12号增产22.60%。该品种籽仁脂肪含量为56.82%。2012年通过河北省科学技术厅组织的新品种审定。     

顺序输送混油浓度换算中的温度补偿计算

对基于油品密度特性的混油浓度检测技术进行了应用研究,认为对实时检测的混油密度进行混油浓度换算时,需要对顺序输送的单油品密度进行温度补偿,以此作为混油切割的基础。提出了"等差数列递推逼近"的新计算方法,弥补了传统计算方法的不足。编制了计算程序,并设计了一种手持式混油浓度换算仪。     

石油库带掩体油罐防护安全距离的确定

油库安全距离有两个不同的概念，一个是防火安全距离；另一个是防护安全距离。针对如何科学地确定油库防护安全距离这一问题，对炸弹的破坏因素和建筑物的破坏等级进行了分析与划分，从而根据建筑物的重要性和抗冲击波破坏能力，确定其允许破坏的等级，再由投弹的装药量计算出冲击波的设计安全距离。对于带有掩体的油罐，其防护安全距离的确定应根据允许破坏等级、爆炸位置以及有掩体的两油罐间防护安全距离的计算来确定。     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR ON YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF THREE CANOLA CULTIVARS

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on yield and seed quality of three canola cultivars, a factorial based on randomized complete block experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in Iran. Treatments included four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^?1 source of urea), four sulfur rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg S ha^?1), and three cultivars (‘Pf’, ‘Option-500’, and ‘Hyola-401’). Results indicated cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits. ‘Option-500’ and ‘Hyola-401’ cultivars had the highest seed yield, protein content, and N:S ratio in seed. The levels of 150 and 220 kg N ha^?1 resulted in the maximum protein content. Increasing N levels resulted in N content and decreased the oil content. The interaction effect between S and N levels showed the highest N content in seed was obtained with 300 kg S ha^?1 and 225 kg N ha^?1.