中国淡水鱼类单极虫病的研究Ⅰ.河南信阳鲤鱼单极虫病的研究

1993年作者对河南信阳市南湾水库网箱养殖鲤鱼肠道单极虫病进行了系统研究。该地区发病率高达 90 %以上 ,发病鲤鱼肠壁上寄生了大量单极虫孢囊 ,破坏肠道组织 ,吸收鱼体营养 ,病鱼失去光泽 ,体色呈暗黑色 ,肠管呈紫红色 ,充满脓血粘液 ,大型孢囊集中在中、后肠 ,孢囊形态大多为椭球形 ,最大个体为 4 .5× 2 .5cm ,肠管膨大一倍以上 ,肠壁变薄 ,肠道完全被堵塞 ,停止进食而死亡。经比较研究 ,该病原体被定为信阳单极虫新种 (Thelohanellusxinyangensissp .nov .)。作者对感染和未感染鲤鱼血清进行了免疫试验 ,发现病鲤血清蛋白带比未感染粘孢子虫鲤鱼血清多 5— 7条 ,该血清与单极虫孢子经交叉免疫电泳发生沉淀反应 ,表明病鲤血清具有特异性抗体产生。作者在病鲤血液中还发现“未明血液生物体”(UBO) ,对肝、肠组织亦进行了病理学研究     

森林植被对坡地不同空间尺度侵蚀产沙影响分析

根据1991～2000年的森林水文定位观测成果,主要采用对比试验的方法,对人工径流小区尺度(100m²)和对比自然坡面尺度(0.9hm²)水源林的产流产沙特征进行了深入分析,在此基础上初步分析了水源保护林对侵蚀控制的空间尺度效应。     

Deep learning-based appearance features extraction for automated carp species identification

Fish species identification is vital for aquaculture and fishery industries, stock management of water bodies and environmental monitoring of aquatics. Traditional fish species identification approaches are costly, time consuming, expert-based and unsuitable for large-scale applications. Hence, in this study, a deep learning neural network as a smart, real-time and non-destructive method was developed and applied to automate the identification of four economically important carp species namely common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharingodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophtalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). The obtained results proved that our approach, evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation, achieved the highest possible accuracy of 100 %. The achieved high level of classification accuracy was due to the ability of the suggested deep model to build a hierarchy of self-learned features, which was in accordance with the hierarchy of these fish’s identification keys. In conclusion, the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method has a single and generic trained architecture with promising performance for fish species identification.     

梭鱼鳞营养成分分析与品质评价

测定并分析了梭鱼鳞中的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成及含量。结果显示,梭鱼鳞中水分含量为51.56%,粗蛋白含量为25.50%,粗灰分含量21.19%,粗脂肪含量为0.06%。检测出梭鱼鳞中含有18种氨基酸,其中包括7种人体必需氨基酸。氨基酸总量为47.25%。梭鱼鳞的氨基酸评分（AAS）0.17,化学评分（CS）0.10。必需氨基酸指数为18.74。其构成比例不符合FAO/WHO标准。梭鱼鳞是一种良好的胶原蛋白的提取原料,具有医疗保健的价值,同时还可作为鲜味调料的提取原料。     

低聚壳聚糖对福瑞鲤生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化指标的影响

以初始体重(33.90±0.11)g的福瑞鲤(FFRC Strain Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio)为研究对象,在基础日粮中分别添加0(对照组)、25、50和100 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖,于室内可控温循环水养殖系统中进行35 d的实验,研究了低聚壳聚糖对福瑞鲤生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖对福瑞鲤生长性能、肌肉成分无显著影响(P0.05);各实验组血浆碱性磷酸酶活力显著提高(P0.01);各实验组血浆总铁结合力水平、补体C3和C4含量有一定升高(P0.05);25 mg/kg实验组脾脏NO水平极显著提高(P0.01);50(P0.05)和100mg/kg(P0.01)实验组脾脏髓过氧化物酶活力均有显著提高;50mg/kg实验组血浆超氧化物歧化酶活力显著升高且丙二醛水平显著降低(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加适量的低聚壳聚糖对福瑞鲤的非特异性免疫和抗氧化功能有明显的增强作用。实验条件下,低聚壳聚糖添加量为50 mg/kg较适宜。     

雄性胎生蜥蜴腹鳞颜色的分化及其影响因素研究

同性间动物体色的变异是一种普遍现象,在自然选择和性选择中起到重要的作用,并与其采用的繁殖策略密切相关。为了检验雄性胎生蜥蜴腹鳞颜色的分化机制和影响因素,于2012年5—6月,选取黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的一个胎生蜥蜴种群进行实验。结果表明：该胎生蜥蜴种群雄性个体的腹鳞主要分为橙红、桔黄和淡黄3种颜色,且在个体形态上（除了前后肢和腹鳞数外）存在明显的差异,推测腹鳞颜色的分化与年龄有关。温度和光照对腹鳞颜色具有间接的影响,在低温或无光条件下,3种颜色的雄性胎生蜥蜴的体重显著下降,腹鳞的颜色变暗。在此基础上,讨论了雄性胎生蜥蜴腹鳞颜色作为一种通讯信号所具有的潜在生态学意义。     

正常与患病草鱼某些组织和器官中乳酸脱氢酶同功酶相对活性的比较

利用淀粉凝胶电泳方法,对正常与患出血病的草鱼血清和肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、鳃、肠道和肌肉中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同功酶的活性作了比较,初步得出:正常与患病血清草鱼LDH同功酶相对活性具有显著性差异。病鱼与正常鱼的肝、肾、鳃LDH同功酶活性有显著性差异,各组份活性大小的次序也有改变,据此可作为草鱼出血病的一个病理标志。     

基于智能PID控制的带式配料系统

针对传统PID配料控制系统精度不高的问题，设计了一种采用皮带核子秤的配料系统。提出在配料流量控制中采用模糊控制及仿人工智能变参数PID控制的方法，并阐述了这种控制方法的实现过程。仿真结果证明该方法比传统的PID控制更先进，实践应用也表明它能有效地提高皮带配料精度。     

Identification of tulip cultivars based on polymorphism in esterase isozymes from bulb scales

Summary An efficient procedure for identification of tulip cultivars in dry bulb stage, based on polymorphism in the isozymes of esterase, is described. Out of 91 cultivars (excl. mutants) which were analyzed for their esterase banding patterns, 78 (86%) could be uniquely identified using native PAGE of bulb protein extracts. A group of 14 Darwin hybrids showed strongly resembling banding patterns; they all originate from the same breeder and most likely have the same parents. Mutants could not be discriminated. The esterase patterns were not influenced by type of bulb scale used for extraction (inner vs outer scale), bulb size (mature bulb or clister) and bulb origin (different lots, grown on sand or clay). However, bulb storage did affect the esterase pattern in several cultivars; generally, some bands appeared or became more intense in the lowest region of the banding pattern after storage of the bulbs.     

饲料中添加赖氨酸对鲤鱼生长的影响

在鱼饲料中添加0．25％比例的赖氨酸的试验结果表明，可以提高鲤鱼的生长速度近20％。降低饲料成本可达13．7％，提高了鲤鱼产量。因此赖氨酸是鲤鱼生长发育的良好营养添加剂和生长剂。