长筒石蒜类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶基因LlCCD4的克隆与表达

长筒石蒜(Lycoris longituba)是石蒜属植物,为中国特有的观赏花卉,具有极高的观赏价值也是石蒜属少有的香花品种,然而目前尚未有关于其花香方面的报道。故本研究以长筒石蒜花瓣为材料,在长筒石蒜中开展了花香基因CCD4的研究。利用课题组已获得的长筒石蒜花瓣转录组数据库,我们筛选到1个与拟南芥CCD4基因同源性最高的序列,并克隆得到了其完整的编码区,命名为LlCCD4。该基因编码区全长为1 815 bp,编码604 aa,蛋白质分子量约为66.20 kD,理论等电点为6.43,属于酸性不稳定的疏水性蛋白,且具有CCD4基因共有的保守结构域。进化分析进一步表明该基因为CCDs基因家族中的CCD4成员,与单子叶植物番红花中的CCD4基因具有较高的同源性。实时荧光定量分析证实该基因在长筒石蒜的盛花期即长筒石蒜花瓣最香的时期表达量最高。本研究将有助于揭示长筒石蒜花香形成的分子机理,并为石蒜属植物花香改良提供基因资源。     

HPLC测定网纹甜瓜类胡萝卜素含量方法研究

建立了应用高压液相色谱法检测网纹甜瓜果实类胡萝卜素成分的方法,并比较了5种不同的提取溶剂系统对类胡萝卜素含量测定的影响.     

The effect of various nitrogen fertilization and foliar nutrition regimes on the concentrations of sugars,carotenoids and phenolic compounds in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of various forms, diverse doses, and dates of application of nitrogen fertilizers and foliar nutrition on the concentration of sugars, carotenoids and phenolics compound in carrot. Two field experiments (Experiment I in 2003–2005 and Experiment II in 2004–2005) with carrot ‘Kazan F₁’ were conducted in Trzciana (50°06′N; 21°85′E) in Poland. Both experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Two sub-blocks were identified in both experiments: sub-block (A) without foliar nutrition and sub-block (B) with plant foliar nutrition. In sub-block (B), plants were sprayed three-times with: 2% (w/v) urea, a 1% (v/v) solution of multi-component ‘Supervit R’ fertilizer, and again with 2% (w/v) urea. Combinations with diversified nitrogen fertilization were distinguished within both sub-blocks. The treatments in Experiment I consisted of: (1) Control, (2) 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as Ca(NO₃)₂, (3) 70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as Ca(NO₃)₂, (4) 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as (NH₄)₂SO₄ and (5) 70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as (NH₄)₂SO₄, where 70 kg N ha⁻¹ was used preplant and 70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied preplant and as a top dressing, respectively. The treatments in Experiment II consisted of: (1) Control, (2) 35 + 35 kg N ha⁻¹ as ENTEC-26, (3) 70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as ENTEC-26, (4) 105 + 105 kg N ha⁻¹ as ENTEC-26, (5) 35 + 35 kg N ha⁻¹ as NH₄NO₃, (6) 70 + 70 kg N ha⁻¹ as NH₄NO₃, (7) 105 + 105 kg N ha⁻¹ as NH₄NO₃, where 35 + 35, 70 + 70, 105 + 105 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied preplant and as top dressing, respectively. Solid nitrogen fertilizer was added to the soil, as produced: Ca(NO₃)₂—Yara International ASA (Hydro), (NH₄)₂SO₄—Zak?ady Azotowe w Tarnowie, Poland, NH₄NO₃—Zak?ady Azotowe w Pu?awach, Poland and ENTEC-26–COMPO GmbH & Co., KG, Germany. In Experiment I, the highest sugar concentrations were found in carrot fertilized with (NH₄)₂SO₄ 70, while in Experiment II in the control and after fertilization with ENTEC-26 35 + 35 kg N ha⁻¹. In both experiments N-fertilization affected an increase in phenolic compound concentrations in comparison with the control. Experiment I revealed no significant effect of N-fertilization on carotenoid concentrations in carrot, however in Experiment II the highest concentration of these compounds was characteristic for the control plants and carrot fertilized with ENTEC-26 35 + 35. The foliar nutrition applied in Experiment I caused a decline in sugar concentration and an elevated carotenoid concentration, however it had no influence on the phenolic compound concentrations in carrot. Yet the foliar nutrition in Experiment II led to a decrease in phenolic and carotenoid compound concentrations, but it did not affect sugar concentration in carrot.     

Biochemical traits associated with growing sorghum genotypes with saline water in the field

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine biochemical traits related to higher phytomass production in sorghum genotypes irrigated with saline water. It was also attempted to consider whether or not forage yield production under non-saline conditions could be used as an index for for the selection of high yielding genotypes of sorghum under saline conditions. Forty-five sorghum genotypes were grown under field conditions using saline water or normal irrigation water in two growing seasons in Yazd, Iran. It appeared that salinity tolerance in sorghum genotypes, in addition to local adaption, was highly related to forage yield as well as some biochemical traits as carotenoid concentration, catalase activity, and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. The screening method based on biochemical traits appeared to be applicable for identification of the salt-tolerant genotypes.     

遮光对沪油018油桃果皮花色苷含量及果实着色的影响

以沪油018为试材,在果实硬核期进行套袋遮光处理,以不套袋果为对照,探讨遮光对果皮花色苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮等色素含量及果实颜色的影响。结果表明,套袋遮光处理后20d,果皮中花色苷含量迅速下降并接近于0,此后一直保持较低的水平,直到果实成熟时略有回升其含量仅为对照的2%;同时,套袋处理也降低了果皮中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量,果实成熟时果皮叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和类黄酮含量分别降低到对照的63.59%、46%和66%。套袋通过改变果实的底色与着色来改变果实的颜色,使果实成熟时的颜色为橘黄色而不同于对照果呈现的浓红色。     

红橘皮类胡萝卜色素浸提工艺研究

以吸光度值作为总类胡萝卜素含量大小的指标,对红橘皮类胡萝卜素浸提溶剂种类、浸提温度、时间,以及红橘皮水分含量、粒度对浸提率的影响等进行研究,筛选最优红橘皮类胡萝卜色素浸提工艺。结果表明,红橘皮水分含量34%～45%,粒度1.0～2.0mm2,40℃浸提2h效果最好。     

金叶女贞和小叶女贞叶绿体色素的研究

5月份,金叶女贞的叶绿素含量显著少于小叶女贞,其变化较为平稳,而小叶女贞的叶绿素变化幅度较大。金叶女贞叶中的类胡萝卜含量明显低于小叶女贞。同一枝条不同部位叶绿素含量变化为,金叶女贞为下位叶>上位叶>中位叶,小叶女贞为下位叶>中位叶>上位叶;而类胡萝卜素含量,二者均是上位叶>中位叶>下位叶。     

Metabolic Engineering of Carotenoid Formation in Carrot Roots

Carotenoids, a large class of yellow, orange and red pigments accumulate in the chloroplasts of leaves or in the chromoplasts of many flowers and fxuits as well as carrot roots. In plants, carotenoids function as accessory pigments in photosynthesis, eolourants in flowers, fxuits and roots, biosynthesis of abseisie acid （ABA）, an important regulator of plant growth. In photosynthetic tissue, the dominant function of carotenoids is the quenching of the triple chlorophyll as a mechanism to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. Carotenoids exert protective functions due to their high antioxidative potential and also important components of the human diets. Since humans and animals are unable to synthesize earotenoids de novo, they must rely upon dietary earotenoids. Different earotenoids have different beneficial effects in human body. All earotenoids （e.g. alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-eryptoxanthin） that contain a beta-ring can be converted to retinol and are thus precursors for vitamin A in human and animal diets. Because of the epsilon ring, alpha-carotene has only half the provitarnin A activity compared to that of beta-carotene. Therefore, it is after lyeopene formation that carotenoid biosynthetic pathway diverges and produces either more or less provitarnin A activity carotenoid,     

Carotenoid Pigments Composition of Two Commonly Discarded Decapod Crustaceans in Grand Sole and the Galician-Northern Portugal Coast Fisheries

ABSTRACT

Carotenoid composition of two commonly discarded decapod crustaceans, Liocarcinus depurator and Munida spp., was assessed in different catching months. Total carotenoid content ranged between 7 ± 1 and 22.4 ± 0.7 μg g^?1. Pigment separation was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. Astaxanthin accounted for 21 to 50% of total carotenoids, and the remaining percentage corresponded mainly to esters of astaxanthin. The fatty acid profile of carotenoid extracts for each species was evaluated. Overall total unsaturated fatty acids content ranged from 406 to 1,631 μg g^?1. Both species were rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which on average represented 68% of total unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the use of these low value by-catch species as a source of carotenoid pigments and fatty acids (e.g., for aquaculture formulations) is a possible alternative to their disposal at sea.     

20个小麦品种（系）籽粒LOX活性和类胡萝卜素含量及全麦粉色泽的研究

为给小麦粉营养品质与商品性的协同改良提供参考,以20个小麦品种(系)为试材,分析了不同角质类型的籽粒中脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性和类胡萝卜素含量的变化,并初步探讨了LOX活性和类胡萝卜素含量的高低与全麦粉白度、黄度间的相关性。结果表明,不同品种(系)间LOX活性、类胡萝卜素含量、全麦粉白度、全麦粉黄度均存在极显著差异;LOX活性与类胡萝卜素含量呈极显著负相关,与全麦粉白度呈显著正相关,与全麦粉黄度相关性不显著;类胡萝卜素含量与全麦粉黄度呈显著正相关,与白度相关性不显著。采用欧式最长距离法对供试小麦品种(系)的LOX、类胡萝卜素以及全麦粉白度、黄度进行聚类分析,结果,LOX活性和白度较高、类胡萝卜素含量和黄度较低的周麦19和偃展4110聚为一类;LOX活性和白度较低、类胡萝卜素含量和黄度较高的烟农21、皖麦47等9个品种聚为一类;上述性状值居中的其他9个品种聚为一类。