Effect of inland water salinity on growth,feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity in growing grey mullet, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> (Linn.): Field and laboratory studies

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of inland water salinity on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity in grey mullet. In experiment I, a 90 day monoculture of grey mullet at different salinity levels (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) was carried out. The fingerlings were stocked at 5000 per hectare and fed on a supplementary diet at 5% BW d^–1. This Study revealed that fish growth mean body weight (90.5 ± 4.5 g) and mean length (21.6 ± 0.4 cm), SGR (4.70%) and growth per day (0.99 g d^–1) were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced in fish maintained at 10% salinity in comparison with other treatments. Nutrient levels, phytoplankton population, NPP and chlorophyll a all decreased with an increase in salinity (>10%). In addition, zooplankton populations increased with an increase in the salinity level. Most of the other hydrochemical characteristics remained at optimal levels in all other treatments. Fish weight gain showed a significant positive correlation with productivity indicating parameters viz. alkalinity (r = 0.53), turbidity (r = 0.62), NPP (r = 0.75) and chlorophyll a (r = 0.46), clearly revealing that fish growth is also related to the trophic status of the ponds. In the second experiment (Experiment II), mullet fry were exposed to five different salinity levels (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) and maintained for 70 days in the laboratory. Significantly (p < 0.05) high growth, (SGR and per cent increase in body weight), feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity were observed in the group maintained at 10 salinity in comparison with other groups maintained at similar salinity levels. Carcass composition, musc1e and liver glycogen levels were also significantly (p < 0.05) affected by salinity changes.     

法氏囊提取物对PIC猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉质的影响

27头20日龄PIC仔猪,分为试验组和对照组,分别颈部肌肉注射法氏囊提取物注射液和灭菌生理盐水,试验至出栏为止。试验全期,试验组累计增重比对照组提高了20.20%(P<0.01)。PIC猪育肥前期,试验组平均日增重比对照组提高了22.05%(P<0.01),料重比降低了4.26%。屠宰试验结果表明,试验组比对照组的胴体瘦肉率提高了近8.2个百分点(P<0.01),眼肌面积增加42.64%(P<0.01),6~7肋膘厚也显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组与对照组的系水力和肌内脂肪差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明法氏囊提取物不仅有助于促进PIC猪生长,提高饲料报酬,而且有助于改善胴体组成。     

含不同比例梅山猪血缘杂交肉猪胴体品质研究

选不同比例梅山猪血缘 (梅山猪血缘比例为 0 ,1 / 8,1 / 4 ,3 / 8,1 / 2 ,1 )的杂交仔猪 68头 ,采用单因子试验设计 ,在同一营养水平 (DE :前期 1 4.2 1兆焦 /千克 ,后期 1 3 .79兆焦 /千克 ;CP :1 5 % ,1 3 % ;Lys:0 .75 % ,0 .65 % )下 ,研究不同梅山猪血缘比例对不同体重阶段生长肥育猪胴体品质 (平均膘厚、眼肌面积、瘦肉率等 )的影响。结果表明 :梅山猪与国外猪种杂交后 ,1 / 2梅山 ,1 / 4梅山 ,1 / 8梅山杂交猪的胴体品质显著高于 (P <0 .0 1 )纯种梅山猪。在同一体重下 (1 1 0kg) ,3 / 8梅山 ,1 / 2梅山和纯种梅山猪的平均膘厚显著高于其它血缘组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,1 / 8梅山 ,1 / 4梅山和杜×大杂交猪间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率和眼肌面积随梅山猪血缘比例增加 ,逐渐下降 ;同一血缘不同体重阶段生长肥育猪随体重 (或饲养天数 )增加 ,平均膘厚、眼肌面积、瘦肉率呈显著二次曲线变化 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,肥育猪在适宜体重下屠宰 ,改善胴体品质     

肉牛产业化需解决的几个关键问题

针对我国肉牛产业化水平低、经济效益差的现状，提出应着力解决以下几个关键性的问题：在全国范围内执行全国统一的肉牛胴体分级（评定）标准，以生产符合国际牛肉贸易要求的高档优质牛肉，获取高额利润，并迅速促进国内牛肉市场的发展；通过冷配杂交改良及胚胎移植等技术继续大力实施肉牛改良计划，大幅度地提高屠宰牛的胴体重；深入开展与肉牛有关的经济性状进行分子遗传机理的研究以及营养和牛肉品质等方面的研究。     

不同基因型猪胴体品质的主成份分析

对不同基因型肥育猪胴体品质的主成分分析表明,影响猪胴体品质的六个主成分其累计贡献率达83.86%,其中六个主成分分别表示胴体品质的肉脂因子、系水熟肉因子、肌纤维的粗密拮抗因子、粗密协同因子、后躯因子和眼肌面积因子。当用皖南花猪为母本与中约克、大约克、杜洛克、苏白、长白和荣昌纯种公猪杂交时,六个主成分表现出不同的组合和局部差异。     

Effect of concentrate level and live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on Texel lamb performance and carcass characteristics

An alternative additive that improves the nutrient use by ruminants and reduces the use of antibiotics is desirable in order to promote a sustainable and ecological animal production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diets of finishing lambs fed with different concentrate levels on their performance, carcass traits, metabolic profile and eating pattern. The trial was carried out at Institute of Animal Science and Pastures, in Nova Odessa city, Brazil, with 24 Texel lambs, 18.0 Kg±1.14 Kg of initial live weight, and averaging 70 days-old, kept in individual pens. The animals were fed with diets comprising hay and concentrate rations in two different proportions (80 or 60%, on DM basis), supplemented or not with live yeast. A completely randomized blocks design, on a 2×2 factorial arrangement (2 concentrate levels with presence or absence of live yeast), was used to compare the means. Supplementation with live yeast did not affect (P>0.05) DM intake, feed conversion, daily live weight gain, total live weight gain and final live weight, although it increased cold carcass weight (P=0.0135) and external carcass length (P=0.0104) regardless of the concentrate feed proportion in the diet. On carcass traits, supplementation with live yeasts did not modify (P>0.05) cold carcass dressing percentage, compactness index, leg length, external chest depth, buttock circumference, carcass fat cover score, and conformation score. Lambs fed diets with greater concentrate level (80%) significantly increased (P<0.05) DM intake, feed conversion, daily live weight gain, total and final live weight gains, cold carcass weight, compactness index, external carcass length, external chest depth, and buttocks circumference and did not modify (P>0.05) the cold dressing percentage, degree of carcass fat cover score and conformation. The live yeast decreased plasmatic lactate (P<0.05), did not affect (P>0.05) plasmatic glucose, and reduced (P<0.05) serum urea, only on the higher concentrate diets. The proportion of concentrate did not affect (P>0.05) the plasmatic glucose and lactate. Supplementation of live yeasts did not improve (P>0.05) the rib eye dimensions and the carcass subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasound. Lambs on diet with greater concentrate level had smaller (P<0.05) ingestion and rumination time. The supplementation with live yeast increased the rumination time and did not modify the ingestion time. It can be concluded that live yeast supplementation increases the weight and the carcass length, regardless of the amount of concentrate added to the diet.     

不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能·胴体和牛肉品质的影响

[目的]通过在日粮中添加不同水平的混合植物油,研究植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。[方法]采用单因子随机区组设计,选择体重相近、健康的延边黄牛（公牛）16头,将豆油、红花油和葵花油,按55%、25%和20%的比例混合,分别以4%、5%、6%（以精料为基础）水平添加于肉牛日粮中,研究不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。[结果]与对照组相比,植物油组采食量显著降低（P〈0.05）;饲料利用率植物油组均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;植物油组粗纤维和钙的消化率显著降低（P〈0.05）;随着植物油水平的增加,干物质消化率呈下降趋势,6%植物油组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;添加植物油对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、无氮浸出物和磷的消化率影响不显著（P〉0.05）。血清高密度脂蛋白含量随着植物油水平的提高呈上升趋势,6%植物油组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;总胆固醇含量呈上升趋势,低密度脂蛋白含量呈下降趋势（P〉0.05）;血清其他指标含量不产生明显变化。植物油组眼肌面积和肉质等级均高于对照组,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量随着植物油水平的增加而增加。[结论]日粮添加不同水平的混合植物油降低了肉牛的采食量、粗纤维和钙的消化率,但对肉牛的生产性能无显著影响,增加了眼肌面积,提高了肉质等级,使胴体和牛肉品质得到提高。日粮添加混合植物油的比例不宜过高,可控制在日粮精料的5%以内。     

早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

研究了早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响.采用单因子试验设计,选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复20只鸡,其中1个处理为对照组,其余为限饲组.限饲组在非限饲期及对照组肉仔鸡均为自由采食和饮水.3个限饲组的限饲开始日龄依次为6、9和12日,限饲强度为对照组前一天采食量的80%,限饲时间为7 d.研究结果表明:早期限饲可显著降低肉仔鸡21日龄体重(P＜0.05),但对42日龄体重无显著影响(P＞0.05);早期限饲对肉仔鸡全期的平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率无显著影响(P＞0.05),但早期限饲有降低肉仔鸡全期平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率的趋势;早期限饲町极显著降低肉仔鸡1～21日龄的平均日采食量(P＜0.01)及屁著降低日增重(P＜0.05),而6日龄开始限饲则显著降低了肉仔鸡1～21日龄的饲料转化率(P＜0.05);早期限饲对肉仔鸡22～42日龄的平均日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率无显著影响(P＞0.05).早期限饲开始日龄对肉仔鸡胴体性能指标无显著影响(P＞0.05),但6、9日龄开始限饲的试验组42日龄体重已经超过对照组,表明6、9日龄开始限饲的肉仔鸡在42日龄时达到完全补偿生长.以上结果表明,以9日龄开始限饲效果较好.     

山西瘦肉型新品系晋阳白猪选育研究

以梅山猪为第一母本系,与外种猪汉普夏和大约克夏进行杂交,采用继代选育和分子生物学相结合的方法,经过18年7个世代的选育,以繁殖性能、生长性能和胴体品质作为主选性状,育成了山西瘦肉型猪新品系晋阳白猪。7世代的初产母猪和经产母猪的总产仔数、活产仔数、断奶窝质量分别达11.3头、10.6头、72.8kg和13.3头、12.6头、87.3kg;180日龄后备母猪个体质量达91.87kg,公猪93.38kg;后备猪同胞肥育性能(体质量20～90kg)日增质量703g;90kg体质量的瘦肉率为58.9%,眼肌面积31.87cm2,平均背膘厚2.0cm。对母本系繁殖性能进行随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析得到的公共条带数较多,多态条带数较少,多态频率较低。ESR基因和FSHβ基因的基因型在总产仔数、活产仔数和断奶头数方面对晋阳白猪的影响显著,而对晋阳白猪的初生质量和断奶质量影响不显著。说明晋阳白猪的主选性状全面达到了育种目标,表明遗传变异稳定、选育程度较高。     

专门化品系ZFD猪生长性能、胴体性能及不同部位肌肉品质研究

研究测定ZFD生长性能、胴体性能、肉质性状及背最长肌、腰大肌及后腿肉氨基酸、脂肪酸含量。结果表明,ZFD生长性能和饲料报酬较高,30～100kg日增体质量787.12g,料体质量比2.74:1。屠宰体质量102.68kg,胴体瘦肉率66.56%,肉色4.05分、大理石纹4.25分,pH6.58,肌内脂肪3.625%。每100g背最长肌、腰大肌及后腿肉的氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例都以背最长肌最高,分别比腰大肌、后腿肉提高4.52%(P0.05)和16.66%(P0.01)、5.65%(P0.05)和17.68%(P0.01)、2.35%(P0.05)和13.65%(P0.01)、1.09%(P0.05)和0.86%(P0.05);必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例以后腿肉最高,分别比背最长肌和腰大肌提高2.75%(P0.05)和0.52%(P0.05)。硬脂酸和油酸含量不同部位间差异不显著,棕榈酸含量背最长肌和后腿肉间差异显著,亚油酸含量背最长肌和腰大肌间差异显著。肌内脂肪以后腿肉含量最高,分别比背最长肌和腰大肌提高18.62%(P0.05)、160.61%(P0.05);肌肉蛋白质含量以背最长肌最高,分别比腰大肌和后腿肉提高6.12%(P0.05)、18.24%(P0.01);肌肉干物质含量以背最长肌最高,比腰大肌和后腿肉分别提高12.08%(P0.05)和8.57%(P0.05)。