Effects of GHR gene polymorphisms on growth and carcass traits in Zebu and crossbred beef cattle

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is the cell surface receptor for growth hormone (GH) and is required for GH to carry out its effects on target tissues. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies of the GHR/Alu I gene polymorphism located in the regulatory region in beef cattle belonging to different genetic groups and to determine associations between this polymorphism and growth and carcass traits. Genotyping was performed on 384 animals, including 79 Nellore (Zebu), 30 Canchim (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu), 30 Simmental × Nellore crossbred and 245 Angus × Nellore crossbred cattle. Alleles Alu I(+), Alu I(−) and Alu I(N)–null allele–were evidenced for the GHR/Alu I polymorphism and the frequency of the Alu I(N) allele was significantly higher than the frequency of the Alu I(+) and Alu I(−) alleles in all genetic groups. Genotype Alu I(N/N) of the GHR/Alu I predominated in Nellore animals, while the Alu I(N/+) and Alu I(N/−) predominated in the other genetic groups. In the association studies, traits of interest were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SAS program and least squares means of the genotypes were compared by the Tukey test. Significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between the Alu I(N/N) genotype of the GHR/Alu I polymorphism and lower weight gain and body weight at slaughter, although a confounding between genotypes and genetic groups may have occurred.     

生长肥育猪胴体品质和瘦肉生长指数的研究

为验证NRC( 1998)生长猪营养需要模型 ,进而建立我国生长猪营养需要模型 ,本试验在较高营养水平下研究测定了生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和瘦肉生长指数。全期试验结果表明 ,在一定营养水平和环境条件下 ,公、母猪日增重、采食量、饲料转化率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5) ,但公猪日增重有高于母猪日增重的趋势。胴体品质上 ,公、母猪热胴体重、瘦肉重、背脂、瘦肉脂肪含量差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。通过测定热胴体重、最后肋背脂得到瘦肉生长指数为 :去势公猪 2 78g/d ,母猪 2 82g/d ,公母平均 2 81g/d。通过测定热胴体重 ,第 10肋背脂、第 10肋眼肌面积得到的瘦肉生长指数为 :去势公猪 2 56g/d ;母猪 2 72g/d ;公母平均 2 64g/d。将瘦肉生长指数、温度、饲养密度等参数输入NRC( 1998)模型得到的营养需要量估测值有一定实际意义 ,但在实践中的应用情况有待进一步评估验证     

不同水禽胴体品质的比较

对饲养到13周龄的豁鹅、莲花白鹅,北京鸭和大余麻鸭的胴体品质进行了测定和相关分析,并结合保存、利用这些水禽品种资源进行了有关讨论。     

饲料中不同铜锌比例对商品猪产肉性能的影响

用皖北黑猪与杜洛克的杂交一代肥育猪研究日粮中添加不同水平的铜、锌对肉猪产肉性能的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加H_3对肉猪前期(20—60千克)增重效果明显。而添加H_2对后期(60—90千克)增重效果明显,日增重分别为587.0和730.6克,分别比对照组提高51.4和42.3%。高剂量铜增加肌肉水份和降低熟肉率。日粮中锌增加至100ppm时,能增加肌间脂肪含量。     

Effects of ambient temperature on growth performance and carcass traits of male growing White Pekin ducks

ABSTRACT

1. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on growth performance and carcass traits in male growing Pekin ducks from 14 to 42 d of age in order to establish their optimal temperature requirements.

2. A total of 216 14 d old male White Pekin ducks were allocated randomly to six environmentally controlled chambers with ambient temperature set at 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C from 14 to 42 d of age, respectively.

3. As ambient temperature increased from 20°C to 30°C, the body weight and weight gain decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05) and was accompanied by linearly decreasing feed intake (P < 0.05). According to broken-line regression, the upper critical level of ambient temperature during the growing period for body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were 27.4°C, 27.4°C, and 26.0°C, respectively.

4. The weight of breast meat, leg meat, and abdominal fat decreased linearly or quadratically as ambient temperature increased and declined to a minimum when the temperature increased to 30°C (P < 0.05). The percentage of breast meat and abdominal fat showed a linear or quadratic decreasing response to increasing temperature, but leg meat percentage increased as temperature increased and reached maximum at 30°C (P < 0.05). According to broken-line regression, the upper critical ambient temperatures during the growing period for breast meat weight and percentage were 25.5°C and 25.6°C, respectively.

5. It was concluded that both growth performance and breast meat of growing ducks were sensitive to increasing ambient temperature and this should be kept below the upper critical temperature during the growing period in order to optimise growth performance and carcass traits at market age.     

岳西黑猪与北京黑猪和巴克夏猪的杂交效果分析

岳西黑猪为安徽省岳西县独有的地方猪品种。文章通过繁殖、胴体、肉质性能的测定和比较分析,综合评价北京黑猪和巴克夏猪与岳西黑猪的杂交效果,筛选可推广的杂交组合模式,为岳西黑猪的杂交利用奠定基础,旨在更好地促进岳西黑猪产业化开发。     

早期营养限制对肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本文研究了早期长时间(1~21日龄)低强度(每日4 h)营养限制对肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近1日龄安康红肉用公母混合雏鸡600羽,随机分成2个组(对照组与试验组),每个组300羽(含3个重复,每个重复100羽)。饲养试验分3个阶段:1~21、22~42和43~63日龄。试验组1~21日龄每日10:00~14:00实施限饲(不给料),22~63日龄恢复自由采食,对照组全期自由采食。所有试验鸡在自由饮水和24 h光照条件下进行为期63 d的饲养试验。限饲结束(21日龄)和饲养试验结束(63日龄)后,每个组的每个重复选择母鸡8羽(共96羽)进行屠宰试验与取样分析。结果表明,肉鸡早期低强度(12.59%限饲量)长时间(1~21日龄)的连续限饲方案显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡生长速度;22~63日龄恢复自由采食后获得了明显的补偿生长,饲料转化率各阶段差异均不明显(P>0.05)。早期限饲明显改变了21、63日龄肉鸡的胴体组成和肉质,显著提高上市肉鸡(63日龄)腿肌重而不影响胸肌重,提高胸肌蛋白含量而降低脂肪含量,同时明显增加了腹脂沉积量。上述结果提示,早期营养限制对肉鸡具有代谢程序化和营养重分配的作用,能显著改变肉鸡的胴体品质。     

日粮营养水平对杂交商品猪生长性能及胴体肉品质的影响

选择体重35 kg左右的杂交商品猪36头,随机分为3个组,采食3种营养水平的日粮,研究营养水平对试验猪的生长肥育性能及胴体肉品质的影响。结果表明:营养水平对试验猪的日增重、饲料报酬和肉质无明显影响,对背膘厚和后腿比例影响显著。利用综合选择指数就各营养水平对试验猪的影响进行综合评定,结果显示:在35~100 kg体重阶段,高营养水平对杜莱商品猪的作用效果最好。     

不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能·胴体和牛肉品质的影响

[目的]通过在日粮中添加不同水平的混合植物油,研究植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。[方法]采用单因子随机区组设计,选择体重相近、健康的延边黄牛（公牛）16头,将豆油、红花油和葵花油,按55%、25%和20%的比例混合,分别以4%、5%、6%（以精料为基础）水平添加于肉牛日粮中,研究不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。[结果]与对照组相比,植物油组采食量显著降低（P〈0.05）;饲料利用率植物油组均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;植物油组粗纤维和钙的消化率显著降低（P〈0.05）;随着植物油水平的增加,干物质消化率呈下降趋势,6%植物油组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;添加植物油对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、无氮浸出物和磷的消化率影响不显著（P〉0.05）。血清高密度脂蛋白含量随着植物油水平的提高呈上升趋势,6%植物油组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;总胆固醇含量呈上升趋势,低密度脂蛋白含量呈下降趋势（P〉0.05）;血清其他指标含量不产生明显变化。植物油组眼肌面积和肉质等级均高于对照组,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量随着植物油水平的增加而增加。[结论]日粮添加不同水平的混合植物油降低了肉牛的采食量、粗纤维和钙的消化率,但对肉牛的生产性能无显著影响,增加了眼肌面积,提高了肉质等级,使胴体和牛肉品质得到提高。日粮添加混合植物油的比例不宜过高,可控制在日粮精料的5%以内。     

不同年龄陕北绒山羊胴体差异比较研究

试验旨在研究不同年龄陕北白绒山羊的胴体特性和肉品质特点,为陕北绒山羊羊肉生产加工和分割优质切块提供营养参数支持和理论依据。分别随机选取舍饲条件下体重相近、健康无疾病的12只绒山羊饲养至4、6、12月龄和成年(各3只)对其屠宰,检测胴体指标和羊肉品质。结果表明:陕北白绒山羊的宰前活重、胴体重、肾脏重、眼肌面积均随年龄增加而显著增加(P<0.05);不同年龄陕北白绒山羊的羊肉品质存在差异,随着年龄增加,肉质嫩度变差,肉色加深,保水能力降低,而干物质中蛋白质和氨基酸含量增加,氨基酸结构相对稳定;宰前活重与胴体重、肾脏重、胴体脂肪含量、眼肌面积均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与pH呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与剪切力、失水率、熟肉率呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结果显示:不同年龄阶段陕北白绒山羊的羊肉品质存在差异,随着年龄增加,肉质嫩度变差,肉色加深,保水能力降低,蛋白质和氨基酸含量增加,氨基酸结构相对稳定。