Substitution of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) for alfalfa in improving the carcass and meat quality of Liuyang Black goats

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is noted for the production of a large biomass that has a high protein content and is rich in antioxidants. It may thus serve as a high-quality forage material to replace alfalfa and improve the meat quality of farmed animals. In this study, we evaluated the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats when 0, 35%, 75%, and 100% of dietary alfalfa was replaced with ramie. Crude protein content (linear, P < 0.0001) and key muscle color values at 24 h after slaughter decreased with increasing ramie levels. The content of most individual amino acids, non-essential amino acids (NEAA), total amino acids (TAA), branched chain amino acids (BCAA), functional amino acids (FAA), and flavor amino acids (DAA) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ramie. The diet in which 35% of alfalfa was replaced with ramie yielded meat with the highest amino acid content, whereas the fatty acid profile was unaffected by the inclusion of ramie. These results indicate that ramie could be used as a potential dietary forage resource for goats, and that substituting 35% of alfalfa with ramie, which is equivalent to 126 g/kg DM content, would be optimal in terms of goat meat quality.     

猪RYR_1基因的PCR-RFLP分析和氟烷基因利用的研究

采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ分析技术，以血液或猪毛提取ＤＮＡ为模板，建立了快速和简便的从分子水平上鉴别ＲＹＲ１基因型的方法，其准确率为１００％。不同品种（系）初步配套杂交结果显示：皮特兰×抗应激猪的胴体品质优于杜洛克×抗应激猪（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而肉质优于皮特兰×应激群猪（Ｐ＜０．０１），并提出了氟烷基因的利用策略     

九神曲对肉鸡胴体和肌肉品质的影响

试验研究了九神曲(枯草芽孢杆菌)对肉鸡胴体和肌肉品质的影响。选用90羽7日龄的肉仔鸡,随机分成三个处理组,每个处理设三个重复。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组饲喂基础日粮加0.05%的硫酸新霉素制剂,C组饲喂基础日粮加0.1%的九神曲。试验期35d。结果表明,C组肉鸡胴体品质的各项指标与两对照组相比,除了腿肌率有显著性的差异外(P<0.05),其余各项指标均无明显差异(P>0.05)。C组鸡肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均高于两对照组。结果表明九神曲对肉鸡胴体和鸡肉品质不但没有不良的影响,而且可增加鸡肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量。     

A novel 86-bp indel of the motilin receptor gene is significantly associated with growth and carcass traits in Gushi-Anka F2 reciprocal cross chickens

ABSTRACT

1. A previous whole-genome association analysis has identified the motilin receptor gene (MLNR), which regulates gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying, as a candidate gene related to chicken growth.

2. MLNR mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested, and the expression level in digestive tissues was greater than in other tissues. Expression levels in the pancreas, duodenum and glandular stomach at day old and one, two and three weeks of age indicated a possible correlation with the digestive system. This suggested that the MLNR gene plays a central role in gastrointestinal tract function and affects the growth and development of chickens. Moreover, there was a significant difference in expression in the glandular stomach tissue between Ross 308 and Gushi chickens at six weeks of age.

3. Re-sequencing revealed an 86-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the downstream region of the MLNR gene. The mutation locus was genotyped in 2,261 individuals from nine different chicken breeds. MLNR expression levels in the glandular stomach of chickens with DD genotypes were greater than those in chickens with the ID and II genotypes. The DD genotype was the most dominant genotype in commercial broiler's (Ross 308 and Arbor Acres broilers), and the D allele frequency in these breeds exceeded 91%. The deletion mutation tended towards fixation in commercial broilers.

4. Association with growth and carcass traits analysed in a Gushi-Anka F₂ intercrossed population, showed that the DD genotype was significantly associated with the greatest growth and carcass trait values, whereas values associated with the II genotype were the lowest in the F₂ reciprocal cross chickens.

5. The results suggest that the mutation is strongly associated with growth related traits and it is likely to be useful for marker-assisted selection of chickens.     

不同饲养水平皖花肉猪肥育性能和胴体特性的研究

研究了高能精料和低能粗料两种饲养水平对皖南花及其商品杂交猪肥育性能和胴体特性的影响,结果表明:与低粗水平比较,高精水平明显提高生长肥育猪的增重速度和增重效率(P<0.01),并使日增肌内和脂肪分别提高9～22%和33～38%;由于脂肪的迅速沉积,降低了胴体瘦肉率,提高了肌肉的失水率(P<0.01)。两种饲养水平对肉质和肉的蛋白质与氨基酸含量无明显差异。     

梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究

综述了梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究.结果表明梅山猪主要以生长性能差和脂肪组织高度发育为特性,梅山猪与西方猪相比,具有显著较低的日增重、采食量和瘦肉组织百分率以及较高的饲料转化率和背膘厚度,但梅山猪的肉质优于欧洲猪的.     

商用分割法估测猪胴体瘦肉率的研究

根据皖南花猪(狮头型)和杜洛克杂种猪屠宰测定资料,应用相关和通径分析证明:商用分割性状和胴体瘦肉率有极显著的相关,颈背、前腿、大排、后腿肌肉四大切块与瘦肉率的相关系数分别为0.4107,0.7171,0.0135,0.8440,分割肉比例与瘦肉率的相关系数为0.9183。利用通径分析建立的三元回归方程(?)=0.9150x_1+1.2615x_2+1.1225x_4+10.5098和四元回归方程(?)=0.5386x_1+0.7919x_2+0.6576x_4+0.4217x_6+9.7301以及根据分割肉比例建立的直线回归方程(?)=12.2362+0.9632x_5估侧瘦肉率达到规定的显著临界值要求。