日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响

[目的]探讨日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响,为生产特色滩羊肉提供技术支持。[方法]在滩羊日粮中添加0.35 mg/kg(试验组)和0.30 mg/kg(对照组)硒进行饲养试验,研究富硒日粮对滩羊胴体品质的影响。[结果]试验组滩羊胴体净肉率和肉骨比值较对照组分别提高2%和9.6%;试验组滩羊香味氨基酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸含量比对照组提高1.2%、3.8%和21%。试验组镁、钙和钾含量较对照组分别提高31.12%、12.76%和24.77%;试验组滩羊体内硒含量比对照组提高10%。[结论]日粮中添加适量的硒能够提高胴体净肉率、肉骨比值以及镁、钙、钾和硒含量。     

优质安全肉猪生长肥育和胴体肉品质的测定与分析

采用科学安全的综合饲养配套技术,对PIC配套系猪、杜长大三元杂交猪和培育品种松辽黑猪进行了生长肥育性能和胴体肉品质测定。结果表明,肥育期穴25～90kg雪PIC日增重为770.5g,料重比2.78;杜长大相应为765.0g和2.80;松辽黑猪分别为724.4g和3.12,差异不显著穴P>0.05雪。胴体品质及肉质PIC瘦肉率为64.4%,眼肌面积34.3cm2,肉色3.0,失水率16.9%,嫩度剪切力3.06kg,肌内脂肪含量2.92%;杜长大分别为60.7%、33.2cm2、3.0、16.7%、3.34kg和3.02%;松辽黑猪分别为56.2%、30.3cm2、3.5、13.7%、1.84kg和3.16%。PIC胴体瘦肉率显著高于松辽黑猪穴P<0.01雪,但肉质各项指标松辽黑猪则最好。     

不同品系优质肉鸡屠宰性能试验研究

[目的]研究5个大恒优质肉鸡品系的生长和屠宰性能,为进一步选育优质肉鸡品种提供参考依据。[方法]以大恒优质肉鸡A、B、C、A×B和C×B等5个品系为研究对象,相同条件下饲养至10周龄进行屠宰,测定屠宰体重与肉用性能。[结果]除腹脂重以外,各品系及杂交组合公鸡的活体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重均显著或极显著高于母鸡。杂交组合A×B和C×B的屠宰率在85%以上,全净膛率在65%以上,产肉性能良好,A×B杂交组合的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率均高于C×B组合。[结论]不同品种的优质肉鸡生长和屠宰性能存在差异。杂交组合A×B生长速度快,适于在对优质肉鸡生长速度要求高的市场推广应用。     

青紫蓝、新西兰白兔及其正、反交杂种的屠宰试验

2.5月龄和3月龄的青紫蓝、新西兰白兔及其正、反交杂种平均体重达1500～2000g;经屠宰试验,胴体重800～900g,屠宰率50％左右。2.5月龄的正交杂种有明显的杂种优势。头、爪、尾及内脏杂碎可作为动物饲料的约占体重41％,如加以充分利用可提高养兔的出口换汇率。     

牦牛CAPN4基因启动子区突变对胴体及肉质性状的影响

为检测CAPN4基因在牦牛群体中的多态性,分析CAPN4基因启动子区突变对甘南牦牛胴体及肉质性状的影响,寻找与牦牛此类性状相关的分子遗传标记。采用PCR-SSCP技术检测830头甘南牦牛、大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛CAPN4基因启动子区突变并分析其多态性,运用SPSS 19.0软件中的GLM模型分析基因突变对甘南牦牛胴体及肉质性状的影响。牦牛CAPN4基因启动子区存在a.-1222GA的单碱基突变,检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型。相关性分析结果表明,a.-1222GA的突变对不同年龄甘南牦牛胴体和肉质性状有一定影响,其中4,6岁牦牛BB型个体熟肉率显著高于AA型或AB型(P0.05);3,6岁牦牛AB型个体失水率显著高于BB型或AA型(P0.05),而5岁牦牛BB型个体肌肉失水率显著高于AA型(P0.05);3,5岁牦牛BB型个体的眼肌面积显著高于AA和AB型(P0.05)。等位基因A对4,6岁牦牛熟肉率、各龄牦牛肌肉保水性和眼肌面积均存在不利影响;除5岁牦牛携带等位基因A个体的胴体重显著低于未携带者外,该突变对其他年龄段牦牛胴体重及全部牦牛个体的肌肉嫩度无显著影响。CAPN4基因启动子区a.-1222GA突变影响不同年龄段甘南牦牛部分胴体及肉质性状,可作为甘南牦牛此类性状的遗传标记。     

饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响。选取平均体重为(55±2)kg的杜×长×大三元杂猪240头,随机分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头试猪,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕型),2个试验组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加0.3%乳酸菌干粉和0.3%乳酸菌菌液,这2种制剂中乳酸菌含量均为1.2×10~9 CFU/g。试验期57 d,在饲养试验结束时,每个重复选择2头(1公1母)接近平均体重的试猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性状、肉品质和风味物质含量。结果表明:饲粮中添加乳酸菌干粉和乳酸菌菌液均对肥育猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量及耗料增重比无显著影响(P0.05),对肥育猪胴体直长、斜长、背膘厚、皮厚及眼肌面积也无显著影响(P0.05),对肌肉的肉色、大理石纹、pH、滴水损失率及剪切力无显著改善(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加乳酸菌菌液显著降低背最长肌中次黄嘌呤含量(P0.05),但2个试验组肌苷酸、谷氨酸和肌内脂肪均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉质无显著影响,但可降低肌肉中次黄嘌呤含量,有利于改善猪肉的风味。     

氨化麦秸对肉牛育肥及胴体渗出液的影响

秦杂一代公牛36头分3组进行90 d强度育肥,1、2组饲喂氨化麦秸与精料,3组饲喂未氨化麦秸与精料。结果表明:试验1、2组日增重840 g±90 g和820 g±76 g。对照组日增重520 g±120 g。试验组比对照组日增重提高310 g(P<0．01),屠宰率、净肉率分别提高8．305和4．945个百分点。试验组胴体渗出液平均每头507．75 mL,对照组无体液渗出。试验组每千克增重纯收入4．32元,比对照组(2．14元)高2．18元,效益显著。     

塞曼特罗（CIM）对猪的生长,胴体组成和营养分代谢的影响

选用２４头杜二杂种猪和３２头大二杂种猪（试验２）进行日粮添加ＣＩＭ１μｇ／ｇ试验。试验１和２试验期分别为２８ｄ和２０ｄ。其中ＣＩＭ组的平均日增重分别较对照组提高１５．７％和１２．９％，粒重比分别降低１３．３％和１０．０％。     

Effects of concentrate levels on fattening performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats fed low quality grass hay

To assess the effects of finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats with concentrate diets on the fattening performance, carcass and meat quality, 32 castrated crossbred goats (9.5 months old, 17.1 kg BWT) were equally allocated into four levels of concentrate supplementation. The concentrate levels were: Zero access to concentrate (T0), 33% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T33), 66% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T66) and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T100). Each animal had access to ad libitum grass hay. Ad libitum concentrate intake for the goats was 663 g/d, which supported ME intake of 8.7 MJ/head/d. The attained maximum daily gain was 96 g/d. T100 and T66 goats were comparable in slaughter weight but the former had 2 kg heavier (P < 0.05) carcasses than the latter. T100 and T66 goats were similar in carcass fatness scores, though both were fattier (P < 0.05) than other diet groups. Dressing percentage (DP) was expressed in three different ways. In all but commercial DP, T100 were comparable to T66 goats, but all were higher than the other diet groups. For T0 goats, pH-values remained above 6 even after 24 h post-mortem. Cooking losses increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation. Moreover, among the muscles assessed, M. rectus abdominis had the least cooking loss. Warner–Bratzler shear force values of cooked muscles were highest (P < 0.05) in M. gluteobiceps, followed by M. vastus lateralis, while M. psoas major and longismus dorsi aged for 6 days had the least values. Finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats at 66% access to their ad libitum concentrate intake gives optimum carcass and meat quality, and that any increase above this level seems not to improve meat production.     

杜仲提取物对猪胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响

本试验旨在探索杜仲提取物(EUOE)对猪生长性能、胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响。试验选用胎次相同、体重相近的42日龄杜×长×大三元杂交猪300头,平均初始重为(9.96±0.05)kg,随机分成5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验分成3个阶段,阶段Ⅰ:9.96～20kg;阶段Ⅱ:20～60kg;阶段Ⅲ:60～90kg。试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加杜仲提取物0,1500,2000和2500mg/kg或黄霉素12mg/kg(阶段Ⅰ)或8mg/kg(阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ)。结果表明,1500mg/kg杜仲提取物显著降低阶段Ⅰ和Ⅱ日均腹泻评分(P<0.05),显著提高了阶段Ⅱ猪群日均增重(P<0.05),降低了阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ料重比(P<0.05)。杜仲提取物(除2000mg/kg)和黄霉素组均能显著提高试验全期日增重(P<0.05),而杜仲提取物与黄霉素间不存在显著差异(P<0.05),动物日均采食量存在增加趋势(0.050.05);而黄霉素的添加显著降低了肌肉肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。黄霉素和杜仲提取物组均能不同程度地降低胴体皮厚(0.05相似文献