生长年限对苜蓿和柠条光合特征及土壤水分的影响

为了探究生长年限对衰败期苜蓿和中老龄柠条的叶片光合生理特征及土壤水分的影响,在2014年于地处黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带强烈侵蚀中心的神木六道沟小流域,测定了不同生长年限苜蓿（ALF₁₀、ALF₁₃、ALF₃₃和ALF₄₉）和柠条（KOP₁₀、KOP₂₅、KOP₄₃和KOP₇₃）的叶片光合参数、叶结构性状参数以及0~400 cm土层土壤体积含水量（SWC_0-400）。结果表明：对于衰败期苜蓿,ALF₁₀和ALF₁₃叶片净光合速率（P_n）差异不显著（P>0.05）,而后随生长年限的延长逐渐降低,ALF₃₃和ALF₄₉比ALF₁₃叶片的P_n（24.01 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）分别降低了2.32 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和7.76 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。相比ALF₁₀,随生长年限延长SWC_0-400恢复至10.88%（ALF₁₃）,而后随着生长年限延长降低至8.81%（ALF₃₃）和6.12%（ALF₄₉）。土壤水分对ALF₃₃的限制作用不明显,水分胁迫使ALF₄₉非气孔限制值比ALF₃₃增大了0.340。对于中老龄期柠条,叶片P_n随生长年限的延长先升高后降低,KOP₂₅和KOP₄₃叶片P_n最大且两者差异不显著（P>0.05）,比KOP₁₀（6.62 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）分别增大了6.57 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和7.66 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,KOP₇₃比KOP₄₃叶片P_n降低了4.95 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。对于同为黄绵土生长的KOP₁₀、KOP₄₃和KOP₇₃,SWC_0-400随生长年限延长逐渐上升,分别为8.50%、9.06%和10.71%。土壤水分恢复使KOP₄₃叶片气孔及非气孔限制值比KOP₁₀柠条降低了0.185和2.180。此外,柠条叶片相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）与P_n呈极显著正相关（P<0.001）,相关系数为0.514。研究结果表明衰败期苜蓿和中老龄期柠条叶片光合性能呈波动式变化,这与土壤水分的相互作用有关。     

内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属植物种群格局动态和种间关系的研究

本文研究了内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属 (Carahana)植物随着年龄和植丛大小 ,表现出不同的分布格局。通常是幼小植丛多呈聚块分布 ,中等植丛趋向于均匀分布 ,大型植丛趋向于随机分布。土壤质地与土壤水分的分配对同一群落中两种锦鸡儿之间的关系有一定影响。     

内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属植物种群格局动态和种间关系 …

本文研究了内蒙古草原与荒漠区的锦鸡儿属植物随着年龄和植丛大小,表现出不同的人布格局。通常是幼小植丛多呈聚块分布,中等植丛趋向于均匀分布,大型植丛趋向于随机分布。     

毛乌素沙地南缘不同林龄人工柠条林土壤渗透性研究

为了探讨不同林龄人工柠条林对土壤渗透性能的影响,以天然草地为对照,以土壤初渗速率,稳渗速率,平均渗透速率和渗透总量表征土壤渗透性,运用主成分分析及散点聚类法对毛乌素沙地南缘不同林龄人工柠条(Caragana korshinkii)林地土壤渗透性进行了研究。结果表明:不同林龄人工柠条林地土壤渗透性能大小依次为:15a>24a>36a>天然草地(CK)。即随着人工柠条林林龄的增加,其土壤渗透性能力逐渐减弱,对照天然草地的土壤渗透能力最小。不同林龄人工柠条林地土壤入渗过程回归模拟结果表明:土壤水分入渗过程符合Kostiakov模型,相关系数在0.8003～0.9535之间,且F检验均达到极显著水平。Kostiakov模型是比较适用于干旱、半干旱区的人工柠条林地土壤入渗特征的模型。。     

Succession of soil bacterial and fungal communities of Caragana korshinskii plantation in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China over a 50-a period

Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure, function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. However, the long-term successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities that occur with artificial vegetation development are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities in Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantation over a period of 50 a (6, 12, 18, 40 and 50 a) and their relationships with key soil environmental factors in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone, northern China. The results showed that bacterial and fungal diversities (α- and β-diversity) were significantly affected by plantation age; moreover, the change in fungal community was more evident than that in bacterial community. Soil samples from 12 a plantation had the highest (P<0.05) bacterial and fungal α-diversity (i.e., abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao1 index) at 0-10 cm depth compared with other samples. However, soil samples from plantation at the late recovery stage (40-50 a) had the highest α-diversity at 10-20 cm depth. Soil bacterial community was not significantly affected by plantation age at the genus level; but, soil fungal community was significantly affected at the genus level. Overall, Mortierella and Chaetomium were the dominant genera at natural recovery stage (0 a); Inocybe was the dominant genus at the early recovery stage (6-12 a); Inocybe and Mortierella were the dominant genera at the mid-recovery stage (12-40 a); And Mortierella, Cladosporium and Humicola were the dominant genera at the late recovery stage (40-50 a). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that β-glucosidase activity, total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were closely associated with bacterial community composition, while alkaline phosphatase, urease activity and total nitrogen were associated with fungal community composition, indicating that changes in enzyme activity and soil nutrients were the most important determinants of dominant genera. Furthermore, pathogenic microorganisms (Cladosporium and Humicola) were dominant in soils from 40-50 a plantation, which may affect plant growth, resulting in the decline of C. korshinskii plantation. Overall, the findings of this study improve the understanding of ecological patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in artificial vegetation and provide an important scientific basis for comprehensive ecological restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas.     

低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响

低覆盖度行带式固沙林具有显著的防风固沙效果,已经在我国的半干旱地区广泛推广。针对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市和林格尔县不同配置的柠条锦鸡儿人工林,进一步研究不同带间宽度带内植被自然恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,结果表明:(1)在覆盖度为20%左右时,合理的行带式格局分布的柠条锦鸡儿人工林带间植被的恢复效果优于随机分布格局的样地。(2)柠条行带式造林不宜太窄和盖度太大,会影响其林下物种丰富度。(3)宽的带间距带内物种丰富度与物种多样性和均匀度以及其生物量变化曲线呈现了两个高峰,出现在距柠条带6-8m左右,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰。因此,该地区柠条带宽度为12m-16m可以使其带内的草本物种多样性和生物量达到最大。     

短脚锦鸡儿灌丛对植物群落和土壤微生物群落的促进效应研究

以内蒙古荒漠区短脚锦鸡儿灌木为研究对象,采用野外调查法分析灌丛对植物群落的影响,采用传统培养法,结合分子鉴定法分析灌丛对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)灌丛内植物群落多度和总生物量显著大于灌丛外,但是物种丰度和Shannon-Wiener指数灌丛内外无显著差异;(2)随土壤深度的增加,表层土与深层土的土壤可培养细菌丰度和真菌多度差异不显著,其余土壤微生物群落多样性特征均表现为:表层土显著大于深层土;(3)灌丛对土壤微生物群落具有正效应,且表层土正效应最大;(4)灌丛对植物群落的促进作用大于对土壤微生物群落的作用。     

井陉县大青山野皂荚群落植物组成及多样性分析

为研究井陉县大青山地区野皂荚群落植物组成和多样性特征,以太行山中部井陉县低山区的野皂荚群落为研究对象,采用样方法,分析群落植物组成和多样性特征。结果表明,井陉县大青山地区野皂荚群落共有植物30种,隶属于19科28属;从植物组成来看,调查样地植物种类较多的是禾本科、豆科和菊科;植物优势种为鹅耳枥、野皂荚、荆条、中亚苔草和中华卷柏;从多样性指数来看,灌木层和草本层多样性指数、丰富度均高于乔木层;而乔木层的均匀度和优势度均高于灌木层和草本层。     

纯天然植物生长调节剂“爱密挺”对小叶黄杨抗寒性的影响

以2a生小叶黄杨"爱密挺"扦插苗为试材,于冬前田间喷施及喷施+灌根,采用质膜透性-电导法测定小叶黄杨苗木抗寒生理指标的变化,研究纯天然植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"各浓度梯度在不同应用时期、不同施用方法对小叶黄杨苗木抗寒性的影响,掌握植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"在绿化苗木上应用的最佳浓度、施用时期及方法,为提高小叶黄杨苗木抗寒性、扩大引种区域提供依据。结果表明:应用植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"增强小叶黄杨抗寒性的最佳施用时期为灌冬水前20d,最佳浓度是100mg/L,最佳施用方法是喷施+灌根。     

柠条种子害虫复合防治指标的确定

为了了解和掌握柠条种子害虫的发生、发展规律，进而对其进行综合治理，于2003年采用田间与室内调查研究相结合的方法对内蒙古自治区柠条产区种子害虫防治指标的确定方法进行了系统研究，分别建立了中间锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana mierophylla）和柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana intermedia）等3种柠条上柠条种子小蜂（Bruchophagus neocaragartae（Liao））、柠条豆象（Kytorhinus immixtus Motschulsky）、豆荚螟（Etiella zinckenella（Treitschke））等3种种子害虫幼虫数与种子产量损失率的回归模型：Y=-0．254X1-0．595X2＋0．173X3＋116．236；Y=-0．045X1＋0．480X2-0．760X3＋30．453；Y=0．04766X1＋0．04374X2＋0．01845X3＋2．380；同时得出柠条锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿上种子害虫幼虫复合防治指标的计算公式分别为：2．34707=-0．04766X1-0．04374X2-0．01845X3；116．1461=0．254X1＋0．595X2-0．173X3；30．3332=0．045X1-0．480X2＋0．760X3。