应用气流调控系统实施蚕种高密度催青的研究

以气流调控实施高密度蚕种催青感温外湿均匀，提高蚕种催青质量和房屋设备的利用率，起到节本增收作用。     

不同品种鹅蛋机摊结合孵化方法的研究

以莱茵鹅、籽鹅种蛋为研究对象，在种蛋孵化至20、24、27胚龄时，随机取部分种蛋，从孵化器移至摊床继续进行孵化直至出雏完毕，比较上摊孵化与全程机器孵化的效果，并研究最佳的上摊胚龄。通过试验证明：莱茵鹅全程机器孵化的孵化率为84．80％，上摊孵化的平均孵化率为86．93％，提高2．13％（P〈0．05）；籽鹅机器孵化的孵化率为85．84％，上摊孵化的平均孵化率为89．23％，提高3.39％（P〈O．05）。莱茵鹅在20、24、27胚龄上摊孵化率分别为86．46％、88．17％、86．15％（P〉0．05）；籽鹅在20、24、27胚龄上摊孵化率分别为87．41％、91．03％、89．19％（P〉0．05），可见机器孵化鹅胚蛋至24胚龄时上摊孵化效果最好。     

春期原种催青日期的确定

阐述了春期原蚕种催青日期确定的原则 ,列举了浙江省和全国主要蚕区历来春期原种催青开始日期     

白羽王鸽部分生殖激素表达的发育性变化及其表达的组织差异初探

为了解鸽特殊的就巢泌乳机理,本研究采用放射免疫技术(RIA)和荧光定量PCR技术对公、母鸽在青年期、就巢期和哺育期3个生理时期,血清中催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)2种激素浓度的动态变化和催乳素受体(PRLR)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)mRNA在脑、肝脏和肾脏3种组织中的表达变化进行检测.结果表明:在测定期间母鸽血液中2种激素的平均浓度均高于公鸽.在青年期,测定前公鸽血清中PRL和E2水平没有显著变化,但在测定后期(124 d)PRL浓度下调,而此时母鸽血清中E2浓度显著提高;就巢期,公、母鸽血清中PRL浓度都有显著升高趋势,并在哺育期达到最高峰,母鸽血清中E2浓度随着就巢时间的延续有下降的趋势,到哺育中期才升高.在鸽脑、肝脏、肾脏3种组织中均表达PRLR和VIP这两种基因,与青年期相比,就巢期公、母鸽脑组织中PRLRmRNA相对表达量显著增加,在哺育第1天达到最高;在就巢期,脑组织中公、母鸽VIP mRNA相对表达量显著高于青年期和哺育期.初步推断PRL对鸽就巢行为的发生和维持起重要作用.     

Artificial incubation and growth observation for the nestlings of Great Bustard （Otis tarda）

Growth indicators including weight, body length, wings length, tail length, tarsus, gape, the third toe and head width of 21 nestlings of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) were measured and investigated in Harbin Zoo, Harbin, China during 1999–2002, and methods on successfully fostering nestlings of the bird were also summarized in this article. The results showed: the Great Bustard is a kind of premature bird and its birth weight was 86.31 ±3.56g (N=21); environmental temperature for the neonatal nestlings should be controlled at 36°C; the feeding principle “having many meals but little food at each” for the nestlings should be followed; since six weeks after birth, nestlings of both gender began to show significant difference in body weight, the weight of male was 1.8 times of that of the female after fourteenth week, and by weight and body figure sexual identity could be easily discerned when 3 or 4 months old; There is no significant difference in growth and development of all organs between male and female nestlings and organ growth curves were fit into Logistic equation. Foundation items: This research was supported by “the 100-Young-Researcher Project” of Chinese Academy of Sciences (BR0301) and National Natural Science Foundation (30371149).     

马尾松种子园无性系花粉生活力研究

借助７种培养液对采自马尾松无性系种子园２７个无性系花粉生活力进行了测定。结果表明：不同无性系、不同培养基、无性系×培养基对花粉萌发率的作用均达到极显著水平；无性系间花粉粒大小差异极显著，并与发芽率间存在显著相关；通过主分量分析将不同无性系花粉按生活力高低分为三类：高生活力花粉、中生活力花粉、低生活力花粉。在使用的７种培养基中以５％蔗糖＋５０ｐｐｍ或３０ｐｐｍ硼酸的组合培养效果最好。同时本文还就花粉生活力相关的问题进行了讨论。     

Harvesting and postharvest handling practices and characteristics of Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg.) fruits: a survey of roadside markets in Malawi

Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg.), a highly valued indigenous fruit species, is being domesticated to increase its utilization in southern Africa. Vendors, who were also the fruit gatherers, that were selling U. kirkiana fruits at roadside markets in Dedza, Malawi, were interviewed on four occasions during the marketing season (October 2003–January 2004) and fruit samples were concurrently sampled from each vendor. Information was obtained on when and how the fruits had been harvested and handled. Timing of fruit harvest was based on experience, aided by indicators such as occurrence of first heavy rains, natural abscission, size and color changes. Harvesting by knocking down unripe fruits from trees was practiced throughout the␣season, but naturally abscised fruits were also gathered in December and January. Fruits harvested when mature but unripe required incubation in soil, plain and woven plastic bags or clay-pots. The incubation method changed and the duration of incubation decreased between October (3–4 days) and January (≤2 days). Fruit samples were evaluated for damage, color and soluble solids concentration (SSC). Fruit SSC and color lightness/brightness (L*) increased from 10.1 to 16.4% (P<0.01) and from 45.7 to 50.5 units, (P<0.01), respectively. Higher SSC values were generally associated (R ²=0.68, P<0.001) with increasing pulp color intensity. Cracking, at 48%, constituted the most common form of damage in sampled fruits. On average, fruits were saleable for only 3–4 days, this being attributed to inherent fruit characteristics combined with immaturity at harvest, and damage during harvesting and storage in hot dry conditions. Lack of appropriate harvesting and handling techniques were associated with fruit darkening, drying, rotting and other postharvest problems.     

自然孵化与换壳培养鸭胚胎碱性磷酸酶活性的研究

为了探讨碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)对鸭胚胎钙代谢的影响,分别测定了自然孵化(对照组)和换壳培养(试验组)至14d、16d、18d、20d、22d、24d、26d、28d鸭胚胎腿骨和血浆中的ALP活性和腿骨中ALP比活性。鸭胚胎腿骨和血浆中ALP活性随着胚胎日龄的增加迅速上升(P<0.01),同一日龄的ALP活性实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。腿骨中ALP比活性的变化与ALP活性相似,第22d以后实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果表明,骨组织和血浆中ALP活性以及腿骨组织中ALP比活性可以在一定程度上反映鸭胚胎发育过程中钙的代谢情况;鸭胚胎体外培养缺钙现象主要发生在胚胎培养的后期。     

圈养红腹锦鸡人工孵化技术研究

2005—2008年在陕西省动物研究所试验基地对圈养红腹锦鸡进行人工孵化试验。采用中型孵化机孵化,共孵化412枚受精卵,孵化率为74．76％（67．62％～90．74％）,孵化期为22．90～23．03d。结果表明：采用中型孵化机对红腹锦鸡的规模化孵化是可行的。