Critical period for weed control in direct seeded red pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Direct seeded red pepper is a cash crop in Kahramanmara? province of Turkey as well as some other nearby provinces. Weeds are a major constraint in red pepper production. Field studies were conducted to determine critical period for weed control (CPWC) in direct seeded spice pepper in Kahramanmara?, in 2008 and 2009. The CPWC in red pepper based on a 2.5%, 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss (AYL) was calculated by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data. The CPWC in red pepper was determined from 0 to 1087 growing degree days (GDD) in 2008 and from 109 to 796 GDD in 2009 for 10% AYL after crop emergence in red pepper. For 2.5–5% AYL, the CPWC starts with germination and lasts until harvest. Direct seeded red pepper is very vulnerable to weed competition and weed control programs for direct seeded spice pepper in Turkey should include pre‐emergence and residual herbicides.     

Selection forMeloidogyne incognita virulence against resistance genes from tomato and pepper and specificity of the virulence/resistance determinants

Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode.     

The characterization of Nigerian varieties of pepper, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins

The possibility of using electrophoresis to characterize varieties of pepper, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens cultivated in Nigeria was investigated. The SDS- polyacrylamide gel electropherogram of extracted total seed proteins of 10 breeding lines in each of the 6 varieties investigated, revealed a pattern in which 12 polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weight range of 22 to 98 kilodaltons could be distinguished. The result showed that the six varieties could be characterized on the basis of presence/absence and staining intensities of 7 polypeptide bands. It is suggested that SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins provides a useful analytical technique for the characterization of varieties of pepper and there may be genotype duplicates in the collection of Nigerian Capsicum germplasm.     

辣椒子叶离体培养再生植株

随着收集到的８个商品辣椒品种的子叶外植体在ＰＤ培养基上形成芽丛，转移到ＰＥ培养基上伸长为具２－３个节的茎芽，茎芽在ＰＲ培养基上生根，得到了再生植株。芽分化率达１００％，移栽成活率１００％。多植体切除芽后回到ＰＤ培养基上的反复操作可重复诱导芽的分化，提高繁殖系数。     

水杨酸诱导辣椒抗疫病生化机制的研究

对水杨酸(SA)处理及其挑战接种辣椒疫霉菌的4个抗性不同的辣椒品系体内木质素含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的测定结果表明:SA诱导的供试品系与未经诱导的相同品系相比,木质素含量增高,PPO、POD、PAL活性增强,其中木质素的含量与抗病性呈显著正相关;挑战接种后两者相比,SA处理的供试材料的木质素含量和PPO、POD、PAL活性的增强幅度更大,其中抗、耐病品系的增加早且增加幅度高于感病、高感品系。值得注意的是,经SA诱导的各供试品系接种后木质素含量与抗病性也呈显著相关。木质素含量与相关酶活性的上述变化趋势与SA对各品系的诱抗效果完全吻合。     

辣椒染病毒株与健株花药中游离脯氨酸含量和花粉萌发力的比较

对辣椒感染病毒病植株与健康植株花药中的游离脯氨酸和花粉萌发力进行了比较性研究,结果表明,从开花前7天到开花当天,病株花药中的游离脯氨酸含量均比同期健株的低,但以开花前4天到开花当天的差异较明显,开花前1天病株花药中游离脯氨酸含量比健株的低26.24％～39.96％,开花当天病株上的花粉萌发率比健株的低14.35％～33.31％。本研究结果从一个侧面反映了辣椒感染病毒病后在生理生化上发生的病理变化。     

商丘市朝天椒品种筛选试验

以朝天椒传统品种日本三樱椒为对照,在河南省商丘市对朝天椒品种进行了筛选试验.结果显示,有4个品种比对照增产达20％及以上,增产效果非常显著,结合抗逆性、抗病性、晒干率、辣度及市场走势综合分析,朝天椒品种红满天椒王、日本香箭、天宇3号、新一代表现较好,可以作为商丘市朝天椒的主推品种,或作为日本三樱椒的替代品种.     

黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因转化辣椒的研究

以辣椒品种'B162'为试材,探讨了通过根癌农杆菌介导法将黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白(CMV-CP)基因转化辣椒的适宜条件.结果表明,将辣椒带柄子叶进行预培养2 d后,用D600 nm为0.3的根癌农杆菌菌液浸泡7 min,再经过共培养2 d后转移到筛选分化培养基中进行培养,有利于获得辣椒抗性不定芽.通过对获得的10株抗性不定芽进行PCR检测,其中有2株扩增出目的条带,初步证明CMV-CP基因已经转入辣椒不定芽中.     

甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导与植株再生

以10份不同基因型甜(辣)椒为试材进行花药培养,通过对基因型、取蕾时期、低温预处理、热激处理、碳源及外源激素浓度配比等因素的研究,建立有效的甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体发生体系.结果表明:基因型是限制甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的关键因素,不同品种间出胚率差异显著,其中品种003出胚率最高,为10.8%;处于盛花期的花蕾最适于甜(辣)椒花药培养;4℃低温预处理1-3 d有利于胚状体的诱导,以处理2 d的胚状体产率最高;以2%的麦芽糖代替3%的蔗糖能显著提高出胚率和子叶形胚的比率,筛选出适于甜(辣)椒花药培养胚状体诱导的最佳培养基为Ms+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT+2%麦芽糖,能有效地提高出胚率并促进植株冉牛;获得了6个基因型的子叶形胚和再生植株.     

辣椒几丁质酶类基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达特征分析

几丁质酶（chitinase, EC 3.2.1.14）是一种降解几丁质的糖苷酶,在植物应对非生物和生物胁迫中起重要作用。本研究对辣椒几丁质酶类（Capsicum annuum chitinase-like, CaCTL）基因家族成员进行了全基因组注释、进化分析和基因表达模式分析。从最新的辣椒基因组数据库中鉴定出31个CaCTL成员。根据系统发育进化树将这些成员分为GH18和GH19亚家族,并进一步分为5个亚类（Ⅰ~Ⅴ类）。保守基序分析结果表明,每个亚类中的成员存在功能相关性。对辣椒、矮牵牛以及番茄的CTL基因家族成员同源性分析表明,在矮牵牛和番茄中分别有7个和11个辣椒CaCTL的同源基因。通过qRT-PCR分析发现,在正常环境生长的辣椒植株中,64.2%的GH18亚家族的CaCTL成员表达水平很低,有64.7%的GH19亚家族成员在不同组织中存在差异表达。顺式作用元件分析表明,CaCTL成员启动子区域存在许多激素反应以及生物和非生物应激相关元件。当植物遭受不同的非生物胁迫时,qRT-PCR结果显示,多数CaCTL成员表达上调。当植物遭受高温干旱条件时,多个CaCTL成员的表达上调明显。上述结果丰富了CTL基因家族进化的研究,为探索CaCTL成员的功能提供了数据基础。