面向葡萄知识图谱构建的多特征融合命名实体识别

为解决构建知识图谱过程中由于上下文环境复杂、现有模型字向量语义表征相对单一导致领域专业实体识别率低的问题,该研究提出了来自转换器的双向编码器表征量（bi-directional encoder representation from transformer, BERT）和残差结构（residual structure, RS）融合的命名实体识别模型（bert based named entity recognition with residual structure,BBNER-RS）。通过BERT模型将文本映射为字符向量,利用双向长短时记忆网络（bi-directional long-short term memory, BiLSTM）提取局部字符向量特征,并采用RS保留BERT提供的全局字符向量特征,以提高字向量的语义丰富度,最后通过条件随机场（conditional random field, CRF）模型对特征向量解码,获取全局最优序列标注。与其他命名实体识别模型相比,提出的BBNER-MRS模型在葡萄数据集上表现较好,在葡萄人民日报、玻森、简历和微博数据集上F1值分别达到89...     

海上风机与养殖网箱融合系统中网箱系泊绳张力与导管架基础结构安全性研究

海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展是现代渔业和清洁能源产业融合发展的典型代表,能够构建“海上粮仓+清洁能源”的新产业模式。本文基于福建漳浦六鳌海上风电场风机导管架构建养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统,运用Aqua-FE?有限元工具探究极端波流条件下不同网箱布设深度、波流入射角、生物附着程度对网箱系泊绳张力的影响;采用海洋工程专用设计软件SACS,计算分析风机导管架结构在波流及网箱系泊绳张力作用下的应力分布,评估养殖网箱系泊绳张力对风机导管架基础结构安全性的影响。结果表明,网箱布设深度的增加能够减少网箱系泊绳最大张力,显著改善网箱风机整体结构受力状态;波流入射角的改变对于网箱风机整体结构安全性影响不大;网衣生物附着程度的增加会显著增加网箱系泊绳最大张力,从而造成风机导管架基础杆件大量失效。综上所述,养殖网箱可布设于适当水深以减少受力,同时应及时清理附着生物,适当增加网箱系泊点附近的导管架杆件和导管架底部桩土点杆件的壁厚,以确保养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统结构安全。该结果可为深入研究网箱与风机融合系统的受力,评估该系统的安全性,优化设计养殖网箱与风机融合系统提供数据支撑。     

Soil bacterial characteristics between surface and subsurface soils along a precipitation gradient in the Alxa Desert,China

Bacteria in desert soil have unique phylogeny and important ecological functions, and theirresponses to changes in precipitation need further attention. However, relevant studies have mainlyfocused on the surface soil, and studies on the responses of bacteria at different soil depths to variationsin precipitation are rare. Thus, we used 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the changesin soil bacterial distribution along a mean annual precipitation gradient (50–150 mm) in the Alxa Desert,China, and compared the variation characteristics in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) and subsurface soillayer (10–20 cm). Results showed that soil bacterial communities significantly changed along theprecipitation gradient in both soil layers. However, the subsurface soil layer could support bacterialcommunities with higher diversity and closer internal relationships but more internal competition than thesurface soil layer. Additionally, compared with the surface soil layer, variations in diversity andco-occurrence patterns in the subsurface soil layer were more in line with the changes in the mean annualprecipitation, while bacterial community structure was less variable in the subsurface soil layer. Comparedwith the mean annual precipitation, soil moisture had little influence on the structure and diversity of soilbacterial community but had a high correlation with intercommunity connectivity. Therefore, soilmoisture might play a complex role in mediating environmental conditions and soil bacterial communitycharacteristics. Due to the different responses of surface and subsurface soil bacteria to the changes inprecipitation, it is necessary to distinguish different soil layers when predicting the trends in desert soilbacterial conditions associated with precipitation, and prediction of subsurface soil bacteria may be moreaccurate.     

Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae

The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.     

甘肃省产业空间结构及其生态效应分析

区域产业空间结构与生态环境之间存在着强烈的交互胁迫关系。本文分析了甘肃省产业空间结构特征、不同产业发展对生态环境的影响及产业空间结构的生态环境效应。得出以下结论:(1)甘肃省第一产业分布分散且与农业资源的空间分布态势基本一致,第二产业发展空间高度集中且与矿产资源分布一致,第三产业集中在大中城市和旅游资源丰富的地区;(2)甘肃省产业空间结构的生态环境效应具有明显的空间差异;(3)甘肃省生态环境地域分异与产业空间结构分异交互胁迫,强化了生态环境的地域分异,加剧了生态环境的脆弱性。     

东北半干旱黑土区玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤水溶性有机碳含量及其组分的影响

为明确不同秸秆还田方式下土壤有机碳组分的变化特征,基于6 a秸秆还田长期定位试验,利用三维荧光光谱技术,对无秸秆还田（CK）、秸秆覆盖还田（FG）、秸秆翻埋还田（FM）处理下土壤有机碳（SOC）含量及水溶性有机碳（WSOC）含量及其结构特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）与CK相比,FM处理0~40 cm土层SOC含量提高7.87%~29.54%,FG处理0~30 cm土层SOC含量增加1.91%~18.61%,30~40 cm土层SOC含量降低7.67%;FM和FG处理0~40 cm土层土壤WSOC含量分别提升13.42%~39.42%和0.28%~26.34%。（2）通过WSOC三维荧光光谱发现,各土层CK（Ex/Em=300/34、Ex/Em=300/340、Ex/Em=240/340、Ex/Em=300/340）处理WSOC荧光特征峰为溶解性微生物代谢产物和类色氨酸蛋白质物质荧光峰;FM（Ex/Em=340/430、Ex/Em=340/430、Ex/Em=340/435、Ex/Em=340/435）和FG（Ex/Em=270/440、Ex/Em=270/435、Ex/Em=340/435、Ex/Em=340/430）处理为类腐殖酸类物质荧光特征峰,腐殖化程度较高,结构较为复杂;荧光区域积分表明,FM和FG处理类腐殖酸类物质（Ⅴ）和富里酸类物质（Ⅲ）的积分百分比分别较CK增加12.18%~27.39%、11.98%~30.72%和3.96%~5.73%、2.99%~5.40%。（3）土壤WSOC包含两个组分,C1（Ex/Em=340/435, 270/435）组分为类腐殖酸类物质,C2（Ex/Em=290/345, 240/345）组分为溶解性微生物代谢产物和类色氨酸蛋白质物质;F_max值结果表明,0~40 cm土层的C1组分相对含量表现为FM>FG>CK,表明秸秆翻埋还田更有助于土壤中营养物质含量增加和形成更高分子量的有机物。综上,不同秸秆还田方式均可提升SOC和土壤WSOC含量,增加腐殖化程度,加强土壤的供肥能力,翻埋还田处理提升作用更为显著。     

松嫩平原不同土壤基质条件下羊草种群年龄结构的研究

通过对不同土壤基质条件下羊草Leymus chinensis种群年龄结构进行研究,结果表明:5月中旬在松嫩平原羊草种群营养生长期,分蘖株均由1龄、2龄、3龄3个龄级组成,呈增长型年龄结构,其中均以1龄和2龄级分蘖株占绝对优势,为89.4%～99.7%,3龄株仅占0.3%～10.6%;根茎均由2龄、3龄、4龄3个龄级组成,根茎长度及其质量均以2龄级最高,3龄次之,4龄最小;根茎物质的储量均随着龄级的升高而降低,羊草种群对低龄植株、根茎的大比例投资是羊草种群扩大其空间的一种十分有效的生态对策.     

岩石边坡生态防护草种混播比例的研究

通过对成南高速公路高边坡草种不同组合混播比例的栽培试验,各项指标测定表明:供试草种中高羊茅、苜蓿在高边坡上生长良好,其中以高羊茅30%+苜蓿50%的组合群落结构最合理,其景观效果较好。     

松嫩平原羊草草地水淹干扰恢复过程的群落动态

根据随机取样的测定数据，经过幂函数和多元回归分析及相关检验，揭示了草地水淹干扰对羊草 寸草苔、羊草 杂类草群范数量性状的变化规律。水淹干扰对草地植被的物种组成及其比例有明显的影响。水淹后基本恢复到正常草地的种类数量和生产量配置大约需要6—7年。随着生境水分减少和土壤变干，羊草种群的数量和生物量均以幂函数形式增加，而寸草苔和杂类草的数量和生物量则呈先增后降的变化过程。     

Genetic Structure of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Carrier Horses in Morocco Inferred by Microsatellite Data

A total of 17 microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control were used to evaluate genetic diversity among normal Arabian horses and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carrier Arabian horses (ArS) and normal Arab-Barb horses and SCID carrier Arab-Barb horses (ArbeS). On the basis of the genotype of 186 horses, mean allelic diversity was estimated as 6.82, 5.53, and 6.7059 in normal Arabian horses, ArS, and for both groups of Arab-Barb horses, respectively. Five specific alleles were observed in ArS and ArbeS, with one common with ArS at HMS6, whereas five alleles common between ArS and ArbeS had a high frequency. Expected and observed heterozygosity showed great heterogeneity in the population studied and were similar or higher when compared with other studies on Arabian horses. Coefficient of gene differentiation G_st of Nei associated with Nei’s genetic distance and multivariate correspondence analysis indicated a possible differentiation between the studied populations when analyzed separately according to breed. Probability of assignment of a horse to a specific group was assessed using a full and partial Bayesian approach. In all, 80.6% of Arab horses and 78.2% of Arab-Barb horses were assigned properly with a partial Bayesian test, which provided better results than the full one. These findings will be useful for identification of SCID carrier horses by using the microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control in our laboratory.