主成分分析法对观赏甘薯品种耐弱光性综合评价

为了筛选出可用于鉴定观赏甘薯耐弱光性的数量化指标,对6种观赏甘薯的9个生理生化指标的弱光敏感系数进行相关性和主成分分析,结合隶属函数中的模糊数学法对观赏甘薯的耐弱光性进行较系统的综合评价。结果表明：弱光敏感系数可作为观赏甘薯耐弱光性鉴定的主要指标,能快速有效地鉴定植物弱光性的大小。同一种观赏甘薯在不同程度的逆境胁迫下,抗逆能力的稳定性不同,玛格瑞特和黑美人的弱光耐受性较强,对逆境有一定的抵御能力,是较好的耐弱光品种,卡罗琳铜的弱光耐受性最差。     

草地生态系统中植被冠层截留的研究进展

草地植被冠层截留是草地生态系统对降水再分配的主要过程,属于草地生态系统蒸散发的组分之一。由于草地植被冠层截留常在草地生态系统水量平衡研究中被忽略而导致蒸散发组分的划分中存在误差。因此,讨论草地植被冠层截留对草地生态水文学的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本论文通过对目前草地植被冠层截留研究的现状和存在问题,从草地植被冠层截留的测定方法和主要的影响因素（环境因子和植被特征）2方面论述草地植被冠层截留的研究进展。分析发现,草地植被冠层截留的影响因素研究主要集中在降水特征、气象条件、放牧和植被特征等方面,各因素的综合影响研究仍然非常缺乏,测定方法的准确性有待评估。     

罗田垂枝杉不同年龄侧枝光合生理及形态特征

以15年生普通杉木为对照,分析罗田垂枝杉不同年龄侧枝叶片的光合生理特征变化规律。结果表明,罗田垂枝杉的冠高比和冠幅面积仅是杉木的45．33％和15．29％,两者差异极显著（p＜0．01）;罗田垂枝杉净光合速率（Pn）日变化呈单峰曲线,其4－5年生枝叶片光合能力明显低于杉木同年生侧枝叶片;罗田垂枝杉最大净光合速率（ Pnmax ）与光饱和点（ LSP, r＝0．956）、表观光合量子效率（AQY, r＝0．897）呈极显著正相关（p＜0．01）,与光补偿点（LCP, r＝0．416）、暗呼吸速率（Rd, r＝0．455）呈显著正相关（p＜0．05）,而与叶片含水率及叶绿素含量相关性不明显。罗田垂枝杉一年生到多年生侧枝的光合能力变化趋势与其侧枝逐渐自然脱落的过程具有一致性。     

Research note: Grazing‐index method procedures of vegetation surveys

Abstract

In the past, veld condition in the Karoo was assessed using the ecological index method. This recently changed to the grazing‐index method on account of the differently estimated grazing‐index values being used. The principles governing the method of survey remain the same. The method employs canopy‐spread‐cover strikes to record the species composition of different sites. By appropriate management of these line‐point data, different sites can be compared with one another by employing the Z‐index of agreement (similarity).     

叶用莴苣叶片对LED脉冲光的光合响应模型及光能利用

为探究LED脉冲光对作物光合特性的影响,探讨在不影响作物正常生长的前提下如何进一步降低能耗,提高照光效率,选用叶用莴苣（Lactuca sative L．）为试验材料,设置5个占空比水平（20%、40%、60%、80%和100%）和14个频率水平（1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128,256、512、1 024、2 048、4 096和8 192Hz）,共计70个处理,以连续光（占空比100%）为对照,探讨不同形式脉冲光对叶片净光合速率（Pn）的影响,并构建脉冲光占空比和频率与净光合速率之间的响应模型。通过对模型边际效应、交互作用以及光能利用率（LUE）的分析得出：占空比和频率都对Pn增长有促进作用,随着占空比和频率的增加,Pn也随之增加并最终趋于稳定状态直至与连续光处理的Pn无显著差异;占空比越高,叶用莴苣叶片的Pn达到饱和的频率越低;当Pn达到饱和状态时,脉冲光下的LUE要显著高于连续光。综上,占空比20%、频率512Hz为最佳占空比与脉冲光频率组合。该结果可为优化LED植物节能补光灯光源参数设计及研发提供理论支撑。     

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.     

温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻繁殖的影响

研究了温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻生殖托成熟排放精卵和胚胎附着、发育及存活的影响.尚未成熟的生殖托和受精卵分别在不同温度(13、18、23、28C)和不同光照(1000、4 500、8 000 lx)下培养12 d,结果表明,生殖托成熟排放卵的最合适温度为23℃,光照对生殖托成熟排卵几乎没有影响;胚胎附着、发育和存活的最合适温度范围为23～28℃,最合适光照范围为4 500～8 000lx.     

Effects of light and microsite conditions on tree size of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica planted in a group selection opening

We examined the extent to which direct and indirect measures of light and microsite conditions could explain variation in tree height and diameter at the base of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica trees planted in a group selection opening of about 0.32 ha on a steep slope at Shiiba, Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. We first used the gap light index (GLI) and soil thickness (ST) as directly measured indices. For an indirect measure of light, we used a between-cohort competition index (BCI) estimated from the position and total height of residual trees. For indirect measures of microsite, we examined topographic indices (slope, plan and profile curvature, average slope gradient, and relative elevation) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with different resolutions ranging from 2 to 10 m. The multiple linear regression using GLI and ST explained about 45% of variation in tree size, while simple regression using only GLI explained about 35%. The contribution of ST was about half of GLI. The multiple regressions using BCI and the topographic indices did not explain any more variation than using BCI alone (R ² of about 0.26). We conclude that microsite conditions with shallower soil and steeper slope have negative effects on tree growth in group selection openings, although the relative importance is smaller than light conditions. More comprehensive studies considering several openings with more heterogeneous topography including different species are needed to generalize our growth prediction using the indirect measures, which are useful for practical forest management.     

大型连栋鸡舍自然采光的设计与测试

分析了大型连栋鸡舍自然采光的设计原则和屋顶采光窗的设计方法,测定了山东蓬莱某自然采光连栋鸡舍的室内光环境状况。理论分析与实测结果表明：确保室内光照分布均匀的屋顶采光窗（带）宽度与间距的比值应不小于窗壁高与室内笼顶净高的２倍的比值。     

Exposure to blue LED light before the onset of darkness under a long‐day photoperiod alters melatonin secretion,feeding behaviour and growth in female dairy calves

The effect of blue LED on melatonin secretion, feeding behaviour and growth was addressed in Holstein female dairy calves. In Exp.1, six animals (8 weeks old, 97 ± 4.1 kg BW) were exposed to yellow or blue LED for 2 hr before darkness over 7 days under a long‐day photoperiod (LDPP). In Exp. 2, six animals (8 weeks old, 88.5 ± 4.8 kg BW) were exposed to blue light from a white LED all daytime or a yellow LED for 2 hr before the darkness of LDPP (blue light cut) over 3 weeks. In Exp. 1, blue light mildly suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2‐hr treatment but did not affect the timing of the nightly melatonin rise. However, the rise in nighty melatonin levels was higher with yellow than blue LED. In Exp. 2, white LED completely suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2‐hr treatment, but plasma melatonin concentrations were similar during the darkness. Grass hay intake, rumination time, frequency of water intake and body weight gain were higher in animals exposed to the yellow rather than the white LED. Overall results indicate that exposure to blue light from white LEDs under an LDPP suppresses melatonin secretion and might negatively impact the development of female dairy calves.