云南美人蕉病毒病病原鉴定

In this study,the causal agents were identified from Canna indica viral diseased plants in Yunnan Province.The diseased C.indica plants mainly exhibited the symptoms like veinal chlorosis and yellowing,streak mosaic or interveinal chlorosis,while older leaves always showed veinal necrosis as well as chlorosis.Viral pathogens were detected by RT-PCR/PCR in 24 diseased C.indica samples collected from Kunming and Yuxi City in Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the main C.indica-infecting viruses were canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV),bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV),sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).CaYMV showed the highest detection rate of 87.5 %,whereas,the BYMV had the lowest rate of 16.7% in the 24 samples.Co-infections of CaYMV+SCMV,CaYMV+BYMV and CaYMV+SCMV+BYMV were also detected in the diseased samples.However,cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),tobamovirus,luteovirus,orthotospovirus,begomovirus and umbravirus were not detected in these samples.This is the first report of CaYMV and SCMV infecting C.indica in Yunnan province.     

富营养化污水对美人蕉生理特性的影响

以美人蕉为材料,研究了富营养化污水中氮、磷浓度变化对美人蕉生理特性的影响.结果显示,富营养化污水明显影响美人蕉的生长,表现为生物量增加缓慢、叶绿素含量下降.高浓度的氮、磷引起美人蕉过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶等酶的活性持续升高,随着富营养化污水中氮、磷浓度的升高,3种酶的活性变幅明显减小,相反,美人蕉植株中的丙二醛含量却明显升高.研究表明美人蕉抗氧化酶系统的活性受到富营养化污水的干扰,清除活性氧能力有所下降,活性氧积累促进膜脂过氧化加快.这种变化可能是富营养化污水影响植物生长的原因之一,也可能是植物对富营养化污水修复效果的限制性因素之一.     

蕉藕(Canna edulis)淀粉理化性质研究

对蕉藕(Canna edulis)淀粉的理化性质研究表明,蕉藕淀粉呈椭圆形或长蚌壳形,直径15～75μm,表面具轮纹,顶端有明显的偏光十字,糊化温度为60～85℃,粘度较高,直链淀粉含量39.46％。     

美人萑的病虫害防治

美人蕉病虫害防治的要点,在于抓好病虫害防治的技术管理,充分发挥人的主动性,主动预防,及时防治。     

Feeding Value and In situ Digestibility of Edible Canna for Silage

Abstract

To assess the potentiality of edible canna (Canna edulis Ker-Gawl.) as economically and environmentally sound animal feed, the feeding value of silage prepared from aboveground parts was examined, in parallel with studies on in situ digestion in the rumen among three local varieties. Contents of crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fibers and crude ash in canna silage were significantly higher, and that of nonstructural carbohydrate was significantly lower than in corn silage. The pH of corn and ‘yellow flower’ canna silages were significantly lower (3.8~3.9) than either ‘green stem’ or ‘red stem’ canna silage (4.4~4.9). The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, total organic acid and the Flieg’s score of ‘yellow flower’ canna silage were equivalent or superior to those of corn silage. The rate of disappearance of dry matter in the rumen was significantly higher for corn silage than for canna silage, while the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber in canna silage was more rapid during the first 12 hours of incubation, but less rapid thereafter. The effective degradability of dry matter and organic matter of canna silage in the rumen was significantly higher than that of corn. Silage made from edible canna has a potential as a feed for ruminants.     

贵州黔西南芭蕉芋生产潜力和发展建议

简述贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州芭蕉芋产业现状和生产潜力;提出产业发展建议。     

蕉藕作猪饲料的饲养育肥试验研究

两次共60头猪的饲养育肥试验结果表明，用鲜蕉藕打浆喂猪，与玉米，豆粕型常规饲料相比，含蕉藕组份的试验组猪只采食量和日增重均低于对照组，但蕉藕日粮养猪可节约饲料粮用量16%-40%，根据本试验，蕉藕可以作为能量饲料应用于养猪业中，应用时间最好在育肥期，用量以占日粮风干物的20%-30%左右为宜。     

美人蕉种质资源的RAPD分析

 利用RAPD技术对美人蕉属4个种和52个品种的亲缘关系进行研究, 从125个随机引物中筛选出27个多态性较高的引物, 扩增出223条DNA带, 其中140条为多态带, 占62.78% , 平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为8.26条。3个种和7个品种具有特异的位点, 可作为种质鉴定的依据。根据RAPD扩增结果建立美人蕉UPGMA聚类图, 在0.11处将56份种质划分为4类。分子聚类结果与形态分类结果基本一致, 4个种分属4个类群, 52个品种分为大花美人蕉和兰花美人蕉。对美人蕉品种分类和品种演化进行了初步探讨。     

美人蕉与背角无齿蚌对水质净化效果的研究

在总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、叶绿素a(Chl a)分别为0.91、3.80、0.10 mg/L的水体中分别培养2.73 g/L美人蕉浮岛(A组)、8.77 g/L背角无齿蚌(B组)及2.66 g/L美人蕉浮岛+8.89 g/L背角无齿蚌(A+B组),并设置空白对照,以TP、TN、Chl a为监测指标,研究各实验组对水体水质的净化效果。结果表明,对TP的去除率依次为:A+B(83.27%)A(82.53%)B(71.51%)空白组(59.45%);对TN的去除率依次为:A+B(77.82%)A(72.77%)B(57.58%)空白组(31.68%);对Chl a的去除率依次为:A+B(99.53%)B(98.49%)A(96.16%)空白组(93.38%)。实验组对TP、TN、Chl a的去除率均显著(P0.05)高于空白组,美人蕉浮岛和背角无齿蚌搭配组对TP、TN、Chl a的去除效果最好,但对TP、TN的去除率均与单一移栽美人蕉的实验组间差异不显著(P0.05),而对Chl a的去除率与单一投加背角无齿蚌的实验组间差异不显著。实验结果表明,美人蕉对水体中氮磷的去除具有显著作用,背角无齿蚌对水体中藻类的去除具有显著作用,在富营养化水体的修复中美人蕉和背角无齿蚌的协同搭配能够加强水体中氮磷营养的循环,起到耦合强化净化能力的作用。     

组合生态浮床的水体净化效果与作用机理探讨

通过在美人蕉(Canna glauca)底部悬挂生物陶粒基质构建组合生态浮床,与仅有生物陶粒的基质组和空白组比较了对室内配制富营养化污水的净化效果,分析了各组水体中的微生物数量和活性,研究组合浮床中植物、基质和微生物对水体净化的贡献率及其相互间协同作用.结果表明,经过48 d的运行,组合浮床对总氮、总磷和氨氮的去除率依次为64.03％、95.82％和96.43％,美人蕉对氮、磷的去除贡献率分别为36.03％、37.96％.组合浮床组水中的细菌总量、基质上附着的生物膜脱氢酶活性和耗氧速率均高于基质组,说明植物吸收不是组合浮床去除氮磷的主要机制,但植物对微生物的数量和活性有积极作用;组合浮床对水中污染物的去除存在着植物、基质及微生物之间的协同作用.与基质组和空白组相比,组合浮床可以有效提高对富营养化水体的净化效果.