Zero-inflated models for identifying disease risk factors when case detection is imperfect: Application to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Thailand

Logistic regression models integrating disease presence/absence data are widely used to identify risk factors for a given disease. However, when data arise from imperfect surveillance systems, the interpretation of results is confusing since explanatory variables can be related either to the occurrence of the disease or to the efficiency of the surveillance system. As an alternative, we present spatial and non-spatial zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regressions for modelling the number of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks that were reported at subdistrict level in Thailand during the second epidemic wave (July 3rd 2004 to May 5th 2005). The spatial ZIP model fitted the data more effectively than its non-spatial version. This model clarified the role of the different variables: for example, results suggested that human population density was not associated with the disease occurrence but was rather associated with the number of reported outbreaks given disease occurrence. In addition, these models allowed estimating that 902 (95% CI 881–922) subdistricts suffered at least one HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Thailand although only 779 were reported to veterinary authorities, leading to a general surveillance sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI 84.5–88.4). Finally, the outputs of the spatial ZIP model revealed the spatial distribution of the probability that a subdistrict could have been a false negative. The methodology presented here can easily be adapted to other animal health contexts.     

Effect of Raptor on invasion ability of glioma cells

AIM：To study the influence of Raptor on the invasion ability of glioma cells. METHODS：The technique of RNA interference was used. U87 cells were transfected with Raptor restricted siRNA plasmid, and the expression level of Raptor in the transfected cells was detected by Western blotting. The invasive ability of the cancer cells in vitro was determined. The phosphorylation level of ARK5 and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of Raptor in the tumor samples of low-grade gliomas (WTO grade I and grade II) and high-grade gliomas (WTO grade III and grade IV) were also analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS：Raptor siRNA was transfected into U87 cells and the cells were named siRaptor/U87 cells. The cells transfected with the control plasmid was named Scr/U87 cells. The expression level of Raptor in siRaptor/U87 cells was lower than that in Scr/U87 cells. The results of in vitro invasion assay showed that the number of siRaptor/U87 cells penetrating the Matrivgel matrix membrane was less than that of Scr/U87 cells (P＜0.01). The protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and phosphorylation of ARK5 protein in the cells in the experimental group were lower than those in control group. The correlation between the expression of Raptor in gliomas and the degree of deterioration was also observed (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION：The expression of Raptor may contribute to the invasion ability of glioma cells by phosphorylation of ARK5 and increase in the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.     

面向5G的FQAM调制技术应用研究

在未来的5G时代,由于ITU IMT-2020定义了更加丰富的关键能力和评估场景,因此在设计调整编码方案时,一些新的技术方案应该被考虑作为候选方案来进行研究和评估。对于干扰限制场景,最有前途的技术之一是频率正交幅度调制(FQAM),这是因为FQAM可提高小区边缘的用户吞吐量,而在传统网络中,小区边缘用户受干扰限制,仅能使用一些可用频率的子载波。     

Porcine CD5 gene and gene product identified on the basis of inter-species conserved cytoplasmic domain sequences

Analysis of published CD5 amino acid sequences identified conserved sequences with potentially immunogenic epitopes. To obtain anti-porcine CD5, synthetic peptides representing conserved sequences identified in mouse, human, cattle and sheep CD5 cytoplasmic tail domains were linked to KLH and used to immunize rabbits. Anti-synthetic peptide serum reacted with an antigen extracted from porcine lymphocyte membrane which was consistent in size (67 kDa) with CD5. Murine monoclonal anti-porcine wCD5 (b53b7) and the anti-CD5 synthetic peptide serum react with the same ligand confirming that porcine wCD5 has conserved amino acid sequences similar to those of CD5 of several species. Analysis of porcine genome for CD5 gene sequences by PCR was conducted to verify the presence of CD5-like genes. Oligomeric primers were designed to identify CD5-like sequences by polymerase chain reaction in pigs and other species. Amplified DNA similar in size to that predicted for CD5 elements were amplified from a variety of animal genomes including that of pig. The porcine-derived fragment was cloned and shown to be 96% similar to mouse CD5. The use of published CD sequences for prediction of immunogenic peptides has provided a complimentary alternative to the more traditional approaches to production of CD-specific antibodies.     

Synthesis of Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Modified Chitosan 5-Fluorouracil Nanoparticles and Its Inhibition of Liver Cancer Characteristics in Vitro and in Vivo

Nanoparticle drug delivery (NDDS) is a novel system in which the drugs are delivered to the site of action by small particles in the nanometer range. Natural or synthetic polymers are used as vectors in NDDS, as they provide targeted, sustained release and biodegradability. Here, we used the chitosan and hepatoma cell-specific binding molecule, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), to synthesize glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (GA-CTS). The synthetic product was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). By combining GA-CTS and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), we obtained a GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle, with a particle size of 217.2 nm, a drug loading of 1.56% and a polydispersity index of 0.003. The GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle provided a sustained release system comprising three distinct phases of quick, steady and slow release. We demonstrated that the nanoparticle accumulated in the liver. In vitro data indicated that it had a dose- and time-dependent anti-cancer effect. The effective drug exposure time against hepatic cancer cells was increased in comparison with that observed with 5-FU. Additionally, GA-CTS/5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of drug-resistant hepatoma, which may compensate for the drug-resistance of 5-FU. In vivo studies on an orthotropic liver cancer mouse model demonstrated that GA-CTS/5-FU significantly inhibited tumor growth, resulting in increased survival time.     

草莓FaABI5基因的克隆与表达分析

以‘红颜’草莓为试材,采用同源克隆方法得到FaABI5基因,利用荧光定量PCR法获取该基因的表达模式,通过转录活性验证和亚细胞定位分析其蛋白的特性,利用大肠杆菌诱导表达该蛋白,以期为进一步解析FaABI5的基因功能提供参考依据。结果表明:草莓FaABI5基因的开放阅读框为1329bp,共编码442个氨基酸,预测分子量约为47.1kDa,理论等电点为9.70,属于不稳定亲水蛋白。氨基酸序列比对显示该基因与其它物种的ABI5蛋白具有较高一致性,系统发育树表明草莓FaABI5与森林草莓、月季中的同源蛋白聚为一支,亲缘关系较近。获得该基因起始密码子上游1500bp长的启动子序列,分析显示除了有大量ABA响应元件ABRE外,还存在许多光、植物激素及非生物胁迫响应元件。qRT-PCR结果表明,FaABI5在草莓的根和茎中表达量最高,在果实中表达量较低。在酵母中,FaABI5不具有转录激活能力。亚细胞定位试验证明FaABI5为核定位蛋白。在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,28℃自诱导24h可以获得具有生物活性的FaABI5重组蛋白。     

利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ

为了实现利用非转座子载体介导的转基因家蚕整体表达人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(hIGF-Ⅰ),将hIGF-Ⅰ基因克隆进非转座子类型的昆虫细胞表达载体pIZT/V5-His,构建转基因载体pIZT/V5-His-hIGF-Ⅰ。利用精子介导法将该转基因载体导入家蚕卵,通过绿色荧光筛选并结合PCR和Dot blotting检测鉴定,表明已成功获得hIGF-Ⅰ转基因家蚕。对培育至G2代的转基因家蚕5龄幼虫蛋白质样品进行Western blotting分析,结果显示hIGF-Ⅰ在转基因家蚕中获得表达,重组hIGF-Ⅰ的分子质量约12.5 kD;ELISA检测hIGF-Ⅰ在G2代转基因家蚕5龄幼虫全蚕以及后部丝腺、脂肪体冻干粉中的质量比分别为65、411、469 ng/g。试验结果再次证实通过非转座子载体pIZT/V5-His介导可以将外源基因导入家蚕基因组,并实现外源基因在转基因家蚕中整体表达。     

副猪嗜血杆菌广东分离株外膜蛋白P5基因的克隆及蛋白结构预测

根据GenBank上发表的副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)外膜蛋白基因的核苷酸序列设计并合成1对特异性引物,从广东省HPS分离株外膜蛋白P5基因中扩增出与预期设计的1116bp大小相符的片段,将扩增产物连接到pMD18-T载体上,进行序列测定和分析。结果表明,克隆出HPS广东分离株的目的基因,核苷酸长为1116bp,共编码371个氨基酸,与已发表的HPS(SH0165)外膜蛋白基因核苷酸序列同源性100%,氨基酸同源性100%。生物学预测分析结果显示,HPS外膜蛋白是一种混合型结构蛋白,含有α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲,其β-转角和无规则卷曲区域可能形成抗原表位;其N端含有1个信号肽,最佳切割位点在21～22个氨基酸;有15个抗原决定簇;无跨膜区;同源建模分析,未见相似三维结构。     

番茄斑萎病毒病抗性种质筛选及人工接种鉴定方法优化

对154份番茄材料(包括普通番茄76份,樱桃番茄78份)进行两年两次田间番茄斑萎病毒病的病情指数调查,筛选出14份对番茄斑萎病毒病具有稳定抗性的番茄材料,利用sw-5-2共显性SCAR标记对田间表现抗病的材料进行分子标记鉴定,发现3份抗病材料携带抗番茄斑萎病毒病的Sw-5基因。为缩短番茄斑萎病毒病人工接种鉴定周期,以含有sw-5的抗病材料H8和感病材料M82为研究对象,设置4、6、8、10片真叶4个接种时期,分别在接种后14、21、28 d进行病情指数调查和抗性分级,结果表明,6片真叶期接种,接种后28 d进行病情调查即可有效鉴别植株番茄斑萎病毒病抗性,与8、10片真叶期接种效果相同,人工接种抗病性鉴定效率显著提升。     

水果黄瓜新品种京研迷你5 号的选育

京研迷你5 号为保护地水果黄瓜一代杂种。其母本为从欧洲水果黄瓜品种中经8 代自交选择
获得的高配合力自交系M118。父本为（日本黄瓜自交系J5× 欧洲迷你黄瓜自交系EU11）×EU11 经8 代
自交选择获得的高配合力自交系EUJ4。该品种生长势强,为全雌系。瓜长15～19 cm,单瓜质量90～110 g,
果面光滑,无刺瘤,品质好,产量高。耐低温弱光,耐热。抗霜霉病、白粉病等主要病害。长季节栽培每
667 m ² 产量可达9 600 kg。适于全国各地保护地种植。