肿瘤医院图书馆为癌症患者及其家属开展信息服务

对肿瘤医院图书馆面向医护人员、癌症患者及其家属开展信息服务的可行性进行了问卷调查,结果提示肿瘤医院图书馆开展面向特殊群体信息服务必须遵循“与主管医护人员保持良好沟通”的原则,并根据医院图书馆的服务能力,确定切实可行的服务方式和内容,才能协助医护人员对患者的治疗,真正为患者及家属提供有效的信息服务。     

Evaluation of the oral antimitotic agent (ABT-751) in dogs with lymphoma

Background

ABT‐751 is a novel orally available antimitotic agent that targets microtubule polymerization. This mechanism may suggest potential activity in canine lymphoma.

Objective

Determine a maximum tolerated dose for ABT‐751, and assess long‐term tolerability and activity in canine lymphoma.

Animals

Thirty dogs with newly diagnosed (n = 19) or relapsed (n = 11) non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Methods

Dogs (n = 11) were enrolled in a rapid dose escalation study to define the maximum tolerated dose. Upon definition of a maximally tolerated dose, a cohort expansion of 19 dogs allowed verification of long‐term tolerability and assessment of activity. Study endpoints in the cohort expansion included chronic tolerability, response rate, response duration, and time to progression. Additional endpoints included serum pharmacokinetics, lymph node drug concentrations, and changes in circulating endothelial cells.

Results

The maximum tolerated dose of ABT‐751 was 350 mg/m² PO q24h. Dose‐limiting toxicities included vomiting and diarrhea, which resolved with a schedule adjustment to 350 mg/m² PO q48h. ABT‐751 was consistently detected in lymphoma tissue samples from dogs treated at or above the maximum tolerated dose. In the cohort expansion, objective responses were seen in 3/15 (20%) dogs with a response duration ranging from 21 to 111 days. Decreases in circulating endothelial cells were seen in 10 dogs at day 7 (2 responding dogs and 8 nonresponding dogs).

Conclusion

ABT‐751 was well tolerated at 350   mg/m² PO q24h for 7 days and then q48h thereafter. Activity of ABT‐751 suggested a rationale for additional studies of ABT‐751 as part of a combination chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma or other canine cancers.     

Potent Skin Cancer Chemopreventing Activity of Some Novel Semi-synthetic Cembranoids from Marine Sources

In the course of our continuing research in development and evaluation of novel skin cancer chemopreventive agents from marine sources, five semi-synthetic cembranoids derived from the marine natural product sarcophine, isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum, were synthesized and shown to exhibit a remarkable chemopreventive activity in the in-vitro Epstein Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) activation assay. These compounds were assayed in vivo using the two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter by topical administration. They showed potent inhibition of both percentage incidence of skin tumor as well as the multiplicity of skin tumors per mouse compared to untreated controls.     

牛初乳粉对肿瘤病人免疫功能调节的研究

目的：通过特殊免疫营养物质一牛初乳粉对放、化疗的肿瘤病人进行干预治疗，研究牛初乳粉对肿瘤病人免疫功能的调节作用。方法：选择新疆医科大学一附院放疗科进行放疗、化疗的病人为研究对象，将研究对象随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各30例，试验组每人每天早、晚各服用4粒牛初乳粉胶囊(0．1g／粒)，连续服用1个月；对照组采用空白对照。结果：两组病人服用牛初乳粉胶囊后试验组的NK细胞和CD3细胞活性显著增高(P＜0．05)，与对照组相比也显著增高(P＜0．05)。其体液免疫指标中IgA试验组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论：肿瘤放、化疗病人服用牛初乳粉胶囊是安全的，并可改善肿瘤病人的免疫功能，有利于肿瘤痛人的治疗和康复。     

功能性食品在抗癌症方面的应用

所谓功能性食品就是指在满足基本的营养需要的同时还能够发挥额外的生理作用,如预防或延迟慢性疾病的发作等。过去数十年的研究已经发现了大量的可以防止细胞氧化的营养物质。这些水果和蔬菜中的成分能够作为抗氧化剂清除体内的有害的能引起疾病的自由基。功能性食品在抗癌症方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

A syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma model rapidly and simply prepared using a hydrodynamics-based procedure

A rapid and simple method to deliver tumor cells into the liver by intravenous injection of a large volume of tumor cell solution at a high velocity has been developed for use in the preparation of hepatic cancer mouse models. With this hydrodynamics-based procedure, there was a 100% tumor occurrence in the liver and lungs of mice at 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. In contrast, mice injected using a non-hydrodynamics-based system showed no tumor occurrence in the liver 3 weeks after injection, although tumors were present in the lungs. The technique may be useful in the rapid development of hepatic cancer mouse models and in reducing animal mortality during model preparation.     

Evaluation of Adjuvant Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Feline Mammary Carcinoma

Background: Feline mammary carcinomas (FMC) are locally invasive and highly metastatic tumors. Because of the high metastatic potential, patients often are treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, but little data exist to evaluate the effect of this strategy.
Hypothesis: Adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy improves outcome for FMC compared with surgery alone.
Animals: Cats with naturally occurring, biopsy-confirmed FMC treated with either surgery alone (Sx) or with surgery plus adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (Sx + Chemo).
Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data were collected and compared to identify differences between groups. Outcome results were determined and compared. Prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were evaluated.
Results: Seventy-three cats were evaluated, of which 37 were in the Sx group and 36 in the Sx + Chemo group. No differences in clinical data were found between Sx and Sx + Chemo groups. Median DFS times for the Sx and Sx + Chemo groups were 372 and 676 days, respectively ( P = .15) and median survival times (ST) were 1,406 and 848 days, respectively ( P = .78). For cats that underwent a unilateral radical mastectomy, ST was significantly longer for the Sx + Chemo compared with the Sx group (1,998 versus 414 days, respectively; P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study did not find a benefit to adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in cats with FMC. Additional studies are required to determine whether patient subgroups with negative prognostic factors may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Antioxidant Status and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Lymphoma

Background: Oxidative stress might play a role in carcinogenesis, as well as impacting morbidity and mortality of veterinary cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment and once in remission, with comparison with healthy controls.
Hypothesis: Dogs with lymphoma have increased oxidant and reduced antioxidant concentrations compared with healthy controls, and that these abnormalities normalize once remission is achieved.
Animals: Seventeen dogs with lymphoma and 10 healthy controls.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Measures of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde and total isoprostanes (isoP)] and antioxidants [α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)] were assessed in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma before treatment compared with healthy control dogs. The same parameters were measured in the dogs with lymphoma on week 7 of the chemotherapy protocol when all dogs were in remission.
Results: At baseline, dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower α-tocopherol ( P <.001) and γ-tocopherol ( P = .003) but higher GSHPx ( P = .05), ORAC ( P = .001), and isoP ( P < .001) compared with healthy controls. In the dogs with lymphoma, α-tocopherol concentrations were higher ( P = .005) and ascorbic acid were lower ( P = .04) after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma.