庆阳地区黄花菜越冬覆盖水热效应研究

在西峰设置田间黄花菜越冬期地膜覆盖和玉米秸秆覆盖小区试验,观察越冬期土壤水分损耗、早春地温变化特征,并分析不同覆盖材料水、热资源对黄花菜发育期、生长量、产量构成要素的影响。结果发现:在秋季降水充沛、土壤底墒充足、冬季气温偏高、降水明显偏少的年型,越冬地膜覆盖能最大限度保持土壤水库蓄水,增加土壤水分利用率;提高春季地温,促使黄花菜生长发育进程加快,生长势旺盛,并在一定程度上降低春旱造成的危害,对增产增收十分有利。     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets

One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.     

彩色马蹄莲高效组培增殖条件研究

以彩色马蹄莲的品种‘Golden Affairs'为试材,在9种培养基上进行增殖培养,分20d、30d、40d三阶段称重,计算增重率,研究激素对增殖的影响及适宜的增殖周期。结果表明:高浓度BA不利于丛生芽增殖,可促进苗的形成;丛生芽的增殖则受BA/NAA的比值调节;30d为增殖周期进行培养,可获得最大增殖率。     

利用隶属函数法筛选百合鳞片繁殖最佳条件

以东方系百合索蚌(Sorbonne)和O/T系百合黄天霸(Manissa)2个品种为试验材料,采用室内控温埋片方法,通过对鳞片进行不同激素处理和变温处理,对不同处理下小鳞茎产生的数量、鲜重、直径、根数等指标进行测定.利用隶属函数法对材料的各项指标进行综合评价.结果表明:索蚌鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:IBA 200 mg/L浸泡鳞片30 min,置23℃条件下12 w;黄天霸鳞片繁殖的最佳条件为:先将鳞片置于23℃条件下8 w,然后移置5℃条件下6 w.     

卷丹保健饮料的研制

根据卷丹富含淀粉、蛋白质的特点 ,以干片及制淀粉所得的清汁为原料 ,进行了保健饮料的加工工艺研究 .结果表明 :采用 0 .0 2 %的黄原胶、0 .1%的 CMC—Na和 0 .1%的海藻酸钠作为稳定剂 ,使卷丹奶有较好的稳定性 ;卷丹奶饮料最佳配方为 :1∶ 9的卷丹与水混合 ,6%的白砂糖 ,4%的脱脂乳 ,0 .1%的柠檬酸 .清汁饮料的最佳配方为 :6%的白砂糖 ,0 .1%的柠檬酸     

切花百合寒地引种及其鳞片扦插技术探讨

以荷兰引进的6个切花百合品种为试材,在黑龙江哈尔滨和宾县东部山区林地,进行温室和露地栽培、鳞片扦插繁殖和种球越冬栽培试验.结果表明,露地栽培和温室栽培交替进行可有效复壮种球,提高产花质量;多数百合品种春季低温处理后的鳞片扦插繁殖率和成苗率远高于夏季休眠鳞片,22℃恒温繁殖率高于变温;椰糠和草碳水藓混合基质(1∶1)为鳞片扦插的最佳基质,将鳞片二等分分割可有效提高扦插繁殖率和成苗率;亚洲杂种百合可在高寒引种地露地越冬栽培,黑龙江省东部山区林地的特殊生态条件适于亚洲百合种球的繁育.     

野百合及其变种百合的形态分类研究

对广东省内5个居群140个单株样品基部成熟叶的叶型性状分析结果表明,凡同时符合叶长／基宽距〈2．0以及叶长／叶宽〈5．0两个条件的样品为变种百合（Lilium brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez vaur．virdulum Baker）,否则为原变种野百合（L．brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez）。这一标准简单易操作,可作为野百合及百合形态分类的量化标准。     

3种百合鳞片扦插技术的研究

以兰州百合、细叶百合、丹东布朗百合为试材,通过正交试验方法,研究了不同百合种类、扦插基质、植物生长调节剂种类及处理时间在百合鳞片扦插过程中,对扦插成活率、平均根数、平均根粗、平均根长、平均繁殖小鳞茎数、小鳞茎平均球径的影响,结果表明:影响百合鳞片扦插成活的主要因素是百合种类,用浓度为100mg/L的GA3处理0.5h,兰州百合鳞片扦插成活率可达90%以上,细叶百合扦插成活率也较高,约为63%,而丹东布朗百合在各试验处理中成活率都很低。     

百合真菌性病害化学防治方法的研究

从百合种球消毒、圃地消毒、药剂防治方面开展百合真菌性病害化学防治试验。结果表明,联合运用圃地消毒和种球消毒,可以有效地预防百合真菌性病害初次侵染发生,采用25%的蓝点可湿性粉剂1 200倍液、1 500倍液,80%的云生可湿性粉剂600倍液,10%世高水分散粒剂1 000倍液防治百合真菌性病害能取得较好的防治效果。     

江西省龙牙百合种质资源遗传多样性研究

利用14个ISSR引物对江西省4个主要产地的100个龙牙百合（Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker）个体进行了遗传多样性研究,共扩增出213条清晰谱带,其中多样性谱带165条。ISSR分析结果显示：（1）龙牙百合的遗传多样性水平较高,其居群平均水平为PPF = 31.69%,Ne = 1.198,I = 0.168,Hpop = 0.113;物种水平为PPF = 77.46%,Ne = 1.438,I = 0.392,Hpop = 0.260;（2）不同产地的种质间出现明显的遗传分化（AMOVA：FST = 0.632, P < 0.001）;（3）聚类分析和主成分分析表明,来自同一产地的个体聚在一起,丰城市罗山居群（LS）与其他居群间的分化最大,藤田居群（TT）与苏溪居群（SX）的关系最近。