近红外光谱法非破坏性测定玉米子粒粗淀粉含量的研究

采用偏最小二乘回归法,对近红外光谱法测定玉米完整子粒粗淀粉含量的可行性进行研究。结果表明,定标集和检验集的预测值与化学测定值间均达极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9610和0.9820,并具有较小的定标标准差和预测标准差,分别为0.707和0.666。所建立的校正模型具有较高的预测精度。     

青贮饲料近红外光谱分析模型转移研

为了探讨青贮饲料的近红外光谱(NIRS)分析模型在不同类型光谱仪器之间的转移,以傅里叶变换型近红外光谱仪Nicolet ANTARIS作为主仪器,光栅型近红外光谱仪FOSS 6500作为从仪器,采用斜率/截距和局部中心化2种方法进行了研究.结果表明,经斜率/截距和局部中心化法转移之后,所建立校正模型的决定系数R2和交互验证决定系数R2cv均大于0.85.采用斜率/截距法转移之后,ANTARIS仪器校正模型对FOSS 6500仪器验证集的预测标准差为20.27 g/kg,系统偏差为-3.75,采用局部中心化法转移之后的预测标准差为27.67 g/kg,系统偏差为-6.17.2种方法模型转移后的预测结果与FOSS 6500仪器模型的预测结果(预测标准差为20.60 g/kg,系统偏差为-1.04)非常接近,比转移前的预测结果(预测标准差为39.65 g/kg,系统偏差为-33.60)有较大程度改善,2种方法均获得较好的转移效果.     

柴油机SCR开环控制系统尿素计量脉谱标定方法

在设计某型号国Ⅳ柴油机选择性催化还原系统SCR时,为了快速标定SCR控制器,采用空间填充试验设计得到130个优化工况点,使试验规模减小了2/3。基于排放特性试验数据库和催化器特性试验数据库,利用神经网络开发了目标柴油机排放模型和催化器模型。基于催化器模型,通过多目标优化计算得到尿素计量脉谱,ESC循环试验证明所标定的脉谱精度满足控制要求。     

热膜式无线风速廓线仪

针对目前常用的压差式风速廓线仪测量误差大、移动不便等问题,设计了一种热膜式无线风速廓线仪,并在风蚀风洞中进行了标定。该测试系统可实现多点数据采集和无线传输,具有结构简单、性能可靠、便于携带安装、抗污染和测速范围宽等优点。结果表明,经过标定后的热膜式无线风速廓线仪标定误差在0.379 8 m/s以内,所测试的风速廓线呈指数分布,符合近地表风速垂直分布规律。     

TDR法测定土壤含水量的标定研究

用波兰ET FOM/mts型TDR水份测定仪对封丘地区两种质地土壤在不同的温度和容量条件下进行测定 ,结果表明 ,其介电常数的平方根 (ε)与土壤容积含水量 (θ)有良好的线性关系 (r≥ 0 .997)。标定曲线的误差 (Sθ/ε)范围为 0 .0 0 2～ 0 .0 2 7cm3cm- 3,其中砂质土壤在温度较低 (1 6℃ )条件下的误差最小 ,壤质粘土在温度较高 (2 6℃ )条件下误差最大。     

Interplay between physical and predator landscapes affects transferability of shorebird distribution models

Coastal landscapes with extensive intertidal mudflats provide non-breeding habitat for Arctic shorebirds. Few attempts have been made to develop and test landscape-level models predicting the intertidal distribution of these birds. We modelled the distribution of a Holarctic species, Dunlin (Calidris alpina), at a hemispherically important non-breeding site, the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia, Canada, in seasons with different predator landscapes. We trained the models during a season when nocturnal predators were common and tested temporal transferability of the models on independent datasets when nocturnal predators were absent. Snowy Owls (Nyctea scandiaca) influenced Dunlin distribution and thus model transferability. After accounting for their presence, models displayed good to excellent discrimination, i.e. prediction of the instantaneous and cumulative (over low tide period) probability of mudflat use by Dunlin, in fore- and backcasting applications. Model calibration was good or else, where over-prediction was observed, the reason for the bias was identified. The distribution models may predict mudflat use by Dunlin and possibly related species given relevant data describing the intertidal landscape. The models are amenable to GIS application, describe the amount of use per hectare of the intertidal zone and can be used to determine and visualise relative and absolute suitability of intertidal areas. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

近红外光谱法快速测定苎麻粗蛋白含量

[目的]探讨应用近红外光谱仪测定苎麻粗蛋白的可行性.[方法]以50个样品组成校正集,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立近红外光谱信息与粗蛋白含量的校正模型,用该模型对10个样品的粗蛋白进行预测.[结果]该模型的相关系数为0.98.苎麻粗蛋白含量的化学测定值与近红外光谱模型预测值之间存在较好的相关性,预测值与化学值之间的平均相对误差为3.54％.[结论]用近红外光谱分析建立苎麻粗蛋白预测模型并测定苎麻粗蛋白含量是可行的.     

基于高速图像处理提取被抛土粒三维运动轨迹

为了更好地分析潜土逆转旋耕刀的抛土性能,用两台高速摄像机组成双目立体视觉系统对潜土逆转旋耕机的抛土过程进行同步记录,然后跟踪图像序列中同一土粒的运动轨迹.提出了用BP神经网络建立双目立体视觉模型的方法,利用此模型进行标定,找出物体的图像坐标与世界坐标之间的映射关系,解决了土粒三维运动轨迹的提取问题.     

Soil and Plant Reference Norms for Evaluating Horn Plantain Nutritional Status

Abstract

The objective of this work was to calibrate, classify, and establish soil and plant reference norms for evaluating the nutritional status of the Horn plantain crop (Musa AAB, subgroup plantain cv. Horn). The sampling unit consisted of the “mother” plant and its corresponding soil at the fertilization band. Soil samples at depths of 0–20 cm and 21–40 cm were analyzed. A total of 221 sampling units were studied, hence, 442 soil and 221 leaf samples were used to develop the reference norms. A regression model with linear combinations of the soil and leaf variables for yield estimation was established by using the stepwise method. The model showed a high significant adjustment of 52% (R²) with normality of the standard residues. Four yield subclasses in kg cluster^?1 as 10.9–13.9 (60 units), 14.0–17.9 (92 units), 18.0–19.9 (47 units), and 20 or more (17 units) were defined. With the means of the soil and leaf data linearly related with yield, the reference norms for each subclass were developed. The method thereby established permits to develop reference norms that can be used for the simultaneous interpretation of soil and leaf analysis data and for yield estimation of the Horn plantain crop.     

Influence of residual phosphate fertilizer on labile and extractable zinc in hawaii soils

Abstract

Zinc availability was studied using five soils from Hawaii which had histories of massive phosphorus applications. Heavy phosphate fertilization usually increased extractable Zn, irrespective of the extractant used. The extra extractable Zn associated with the added P probably came from Zn as an accessory element in the fertilizer. Treble superphosphate commonly used in Hawaii contains about 1400 ppm Zn. The Zn content of phosphate fertilizers must be considered before making statements about the effect of fertilizer P on Zn solubility and availability in soils.

Two solutions (0.1N HCl and 0.005M DTPA) were compared as Zn extractants for Hawaii soils. DTPA extracted less Zn than 0.1N HCl. Zinc extracted by repeated HCl treatment was more closely related to the labile Zn pool (E‐values and L‐values) than was DTPA‐extractable Zn. The results suggest that 0.1N HCl extractable Zn, Zn E‐value and Zn L‐value measured the quantity of a single fraction of soil Zn.

Repeated extraction of soil with 0.1N HCl seems to be a suitable procedure for evaluating the Zn status of acid, highly weathered soils of Hawaii.