蔗段离散元仿真建模方法与参数标定

【目的】蔗段作为大长径比秆状物料，其离散元模型的构建方法与仿真参数的设定尚不清楚，仿真模型精度对颗粒间的动力学响应特性有较大影响，需通过参数标定提高仿真参数的准确性。【方法】以蔗段物理堆积角为响应值，采用仿真试验方法优化标定离散元参数。首先，采用物理试验测定蔗段的基本物性参数，并基于多球聚合模型和XML的方法构建蔗段仿真模型；然后，应用Plackett-Burman试验对蔗段离散元仿真中的8个初始参数进行显著性筛选，并对显著性参数进行最陡爬坡试验，确定最优参数区间；最后，基于Box-Behnken试验建立显著性参数与堆积角的二阶回归方程，以物理试验堆积角42.70°为目标值，对回归方程进行优化求解。【结果】显著性筛选试验得出蔗段泊松比、蔗段-蔗段静摩擦系数、蔗段-蔗段滚动摩擦系数对仿真堆积角影响显著；最优参数组合为：蔗段泊松比0.35、蔗段-蔗段静摩擦系数0.53、蔗段-蔗段滚动摩擦系数0.04。最优参数组合的仿真试验结果表明，仿真堆积角与物理试验堆积角无显著性差异，两者相对误差为0.99%，进一步验证了蔗段离散元标定参数的可靠性。【结论】蔗段离散元模型与最优仿真参数可用于蔗段离散元仿...     

Calibration of caesium-137 measurements to provide quantitative erosion rate data

The caesium-137 technique for investigating rates and patterns of soil loss has now been successfully applied in a wide range of environments. However, some uncertainty still surrounds the ability of the technique to provide quantitative estimates of rates of erosion. The wide range of calibration relationships that have been employed by individual workers to derive erosion rates from estimates of the amount of ¹³⁷Cs (caesium-137) lost from the soil profile, emphasize the uncertainty involved. Existing calibration procedures, involving both empirical relationships and theoretical models and accounting procedures are reviewed and their limitations and inconsistencies are identified. Further research is required in this important area, if the clear potential of the caesium-137 technique is to be fully realized.