赖氨酸占蛋白质及饲粮的比例对杜洛克猪生长肥育性能及胴体品质的影响

杜洛克猪48头,体重27kg左右,分6组。试验前期(27～60kg)日粮的消化能均为13.67MJ)/kg,后期(60～90kg)均为13.44MJ/kg。粗蛋白1、2、3组前期均为18％,后期均为16％;4、5、6组前期均为16％,后期均为14％。同时配合3种赖蛋比水平6.6～6.9％,6.1～6.25％及5％。试验结果表明:4、5、6组平均日增重、饲料利用率及胴体瘦肉率都略高于1、2、3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在前期,以第5组平均日增重最高(达782克),极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);饲料利用率2.41,极显著好于其他各组(P<0.01)。后期以第5组平均日增重最高(875克)。试验前期,第5组获得最佳的日增重(822克),极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),饲料利用率2.98,胴体瘦肉率65.79％,与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。在两种粗蛋白水平组内,均以赖蛋比6.1～6.25％的第5组和第2组生长速度最快(822克和778克)。说明在相同的能量水平下,赖蛋比是影响生长速度的主要因素。     

杂交野猪适宜日粮磷水平与钙磷比例的研究

选用纯种野公猪与杜洛克母猪的杂交后代含50%野猪血缘的42日龄杂交野猪36头,随机分成9组,试验为双因子3水平(3×3)析因安排分组,完全随机区组设计,每个因子3个水平,共9个处理。结果显示,不同磷水平与钙磷比例对各处理组的平均日耗料量、平均日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同钙磷比例水平下对血清钙的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清钙影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同日粮钙磷比例对血清磷水平差异显著(P<0.05),日粮磷和钙磷比例互作效应对血清磷影响显著(P<0.05);0.4%的日粮磷水平与0.6%的磷水平对血清AKP活性影响差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

Isolation of chicken taste buds for real‐time Ca2+ imaging

We isolated chicken taste buds and used a real‐time Ca²⁺ imaging technique to investigate the functions of the taste cells. With RT‐PCR, we found that isolated chicken taste bud‐like cell subsets express chicken gustducin messenger RNA. Immunocytochemical techniques revealed that the cell subsets were also immunopositive for chicken gustducin. These results provided strong evidence that the isolated cell subsets contain chicken taste buds. The isolated cell subsets were spindle‐shaped and approximately 61–75 μm wide and 88–98 μm long, and these characteristics are similar to those of sectional chicken taste buds. Using Ca²⁺ imaging, we observed the buds' response to 2 mmol/L quinine hydrochloride (a bitter substance) and their response to a mixture of 25 mmol/L L‐glutamic acid monopotassium salt monohydrate and 1 mmol/L inosine 5′‐monophosphate disodium salt, umami substances. The present study is the first morphological demonstration of isolated chicken taste buds, and our results indicate that the isolated taste buds were intact and functional approaches for examining the taste senses of the chicken using Ca²⁺ imaging can be informative.     

毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内代谢酶的影响

为了解毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内代谢酶的影响,采用不同浓度的毒死蜱对桔小实蝇敏感种群进行连续处理,测定其体内的羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性。结果表明：随着毒死蜱浓度的增加,桔小实蝇的敏感性出现逐渐下降的趋势,体内的CarE活性得到显著提升（F=43.21,p=0.024）,抗性倍数为1.74,GSTs活性也显著上升（F=47.73,p=0.018）,抗性倍数为1.98,但对CAT、POD的提升作用较小,表明毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内的CarE、GSTs活力具有一定的诱导作用。     

A free-choice intake of mineral blocks in beef cows during the grazing season and in winter

A herd of 25 beef cows were offered four types of mineral blocks (A, B, C, D) with a different Ca to P ratio (A 0.6:1, B 0.8:1, C 2:1 and D 3.6:1). The Mg content was identical in all blocks whereas the Na content was equal in B, C and D, while the Na content in A block was double. The mineral block intake was monitored for 1 year, which was broken down to the grazing period (Pa) and the winter period (Wi). The intake of pasture grass and winter forage was assessed and the feed chemical composition was analysed; based on the obtained values, a macroelement balance (for Ca, P, Mg, Na and K) was calculated.The results showed the forage diet met requirements for all the observed macroelements (except in Na). The macroelement intake from forage was considerably higher than from mineral blocks. There were significant seasonal (Pa versus Wi) differences in B and C blocks intake. The consumption of D block was relatively invariable all year round; block A was refused in both seasons though it contained the highest amount of highly deficient Na.It can be concluded that mineral content in forage meets beef cattle requirements for Ca, Mg and K, P content is just satisfactory, and Na content is insufficient. It appears that cows control, to some extent, the Ca to P ratio in their diet by choosing the appropriate type of mineral block. However, the preference or refusal of some types of mineral blocks regardless of the season suggests the influence of other factors affecting mineral block intake which were not the subject of our observation.     

Breed differences in the proportional morbidity of testicular tumours and distribution of histopathologic types in a population-based canine cancer registry

Histologically verified tumours submitted to the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register from 1990 to 1998 were studied (n=14,401). The proportion of testicular tumours (n=345) was 2.4%, and the breakdown of histological tumour diagnoses is presented. The frequency of the most common histopathological types was 33% interstitial (Leydig), 26.4% Sertoli and 33.9% seminomas/germ cell tumours. The average age at diagnosis was 10 years, but was significantly lower for Sertoli cell tumours (8.6 years) than for the other tumour types. Following a histopathological re-evaluation, 22.5% of the original tumor diagnoses were modified. Proportional morbidity ratios were calculated and individuals from the breeds Shetland sheepdog and Collie were five times more likely to have testicular tumours than the overall average for the registry. Breed differences in the distribution of histopathologic types were observed. Shetland sheepdog and Collie were most commonly diagnosed with Sertoli cell tumours, while all tumours from Norwegian elkhound in this material were seminomas.     

桉树无性系的单板出材率与价值研究

为了系统深入地对单板出材率和价值的影响因素进行研究,以11个6年生桉树无性系为材料,使用无损检测仪器Pilodyn和Fakopp测定立木的外部密度和应力波传输速度,用轴向生长应变仪器CIRAD-ForestMethod测定立木生长应力,结合对原木外观形质的检测和单板质量等级的划分,运用差异性分析、相关分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果表明,无性系间立木的材性性状,原木形质中的小头最小直径、弯曲度和端裂指数存在显著差异。节疤,尤其死节(孔洞)、裂缝是降低单板等级的主要因素。无性系间单板出材率和价值存在显著差异,其中出材率(%)从大到小排序为:GL₉(48.27),EC₃₄(47.17),LH₁(44.00),DH_32-22(42.00),GL₄(37.56),SH₇(34.88),UC_184-1(34.38),LH₅(31.06),M₁(29.74),DH_201-2(25.41),SG₁(16.28),最大是最小的2.97倍;单段原木价值(RMB/log)从高到低排序为:EC₃₄(13.37),GL₉(13.12),GL₄(12.36),LH₁(12.02),DH_32-22(11.55),LH₅(10.72),SH₇(9.22),UC_184-1(7.95),M₁(7.55),DH_201-2(5.97),SG₁(4.88),最高是最低的2.74倍;单位材积价值(RMB/m³)从高到低排序为:EC₃₄(856.49),LH₁(794.55),GL₉(788.68),DH_32-22(763.02),GL₄(681.44),SH₇(629.35),UC_184-1(597.66),LH₅(559.08),M₁(538.39),DH_201-2(450.49),SG₁(294.53),最高是最低的2.91倍。5个品种的无性系作为胶合板用材,尾巨桉无性系价值最高。原木弯曲度是影响单板出材率和价值的主要因素,木材密度、小头直径、应力波传输速度及端裂指数等对其也有显著影响。无损检测仪器Pilodyn和Fakopp可对单板出材率和单位材积价值进行粗略预测。     

发酵豆粕对仔猪早期断奶应激及增重效果的影响

仔猪早期断奶是提高母猪繁殖利用率的重要措施,但早期断奶应激容易导致仔猪断奶后食欲下降,消化机能紊乱,腹泻等“仔猪早期断奶综合症”.发酵豆粕因富含植物小肽,易于动物的消化吸收等多种优点,适用于幼龄、病弱、应激等特殊生理状况下的仔猪.本试验选用市场上常用的一种同类产品与一种新开发的发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪上进行饲喂对比.结果表明:这种新开发的产品对缓解仔猪早期断奶应激引起的胃肠机能紊乱明显优于对照产品,其稀便发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);平均日增重、料肉比高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05).     

净、套作下大豆茎秆和籽粒糖氮动态规律研究

碳氮代谢是影响作物产量和品质的主要因素之一,在糖氮运输和储存过程中茎秆起着重要作用。以南豆12和南豆20为供试材料,在净、套作下分析不同生育时期大豆茎秆及籽粒中可溶性糖、氮含量变化规律,明确种植模式对大豆茎秆和籽粒碳氮的影响。结果表明,随着生育时期的推进,南豆12和南豆20茎秆可溶性糖和氮含量在净、套作条件下均呈现“低-高-低”的趋势,糖氮比呈现“低-高”的趋势。大豆从苗期至盛花期,茎秆可溶性糖、氮及糖氮比在净套作条件下差异显著(P<0.05),但从盛荚期至完熟期差异不显著(P>0.05)。净、套作模式下大豆籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比差异极显著(P<0.01),但品种间差异不显著。通过相关性分析,大豆盛花期到鼓粒期茎秆可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比与籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),特别是氮和糖氮比,相关系数最大值达到0.85。这些结果为明确糖氮由茎秆到籽粒的运输规律和套作大豆合理种植栽培参数提供理论支撑。