Matrix Production,Pigment Synthesis,and Sporulation in a Marine Isolated Strain of Bacillus pumilus

The ability to produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular communities is an adaptive behavior shared by many bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the model system for spore-forming bacteria, matrix production is one of the possible differentiation pathways that a cell can follow when vegetative growth is no longer feasible. While in B. subtilis the genetic system controlling matrix production has been studied in detail, it is still unclear whether other spore formers utilize similar mechanisms. We report that SF214, a pigmented strain of Bacillus pumilus isolated from the marine environment, can produce an extracellular matrix relying on orthologs of many of the genes known to be important for matrix synthesis in B. subtilis. We also report a characterization of the carbohydrates forming the extracellular matrix of strain SF214. The isolation and characterization of mutants altered in matrix synthesis, pigmentation, and spore formation suggest that in strain SF214 the three processes are strictly interconnected and regulated by a common molecular mechanism.     

Characterization of Chinook head salmon embryo phenotypes of infectious salmon anemia virus by real-time RT-PCR

We have previously described the development of a one-tube SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in various biological samples. The twofold aim of the present study was to verify that the optimized SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR conditions could detect ISAV isolates of different geographic origins, and to analyze the growth patterns of the selected ISAV isolates in the Chinook head salmon embryo (CHSE)-214 cells by this assay to better characterize their CHSE-phenotypes. A total of 24 ISAV isolates were used in this study. The results indicated that the SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR could detect ISAV of different geographic origins or laboratory sources. The capacity of ISAV isolates to cause cytopathic effects (CPE) in the CHSE-214 cell line, viral titration of the infected CHSE-cell harvests, and analysis of viral RNA levels in CHSE-214 cells at post-infection day zero, 7 and 14 by SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR confirmed the existence of three CHSE-phenotypes of ISAV: replicating cytopathic, replicating non-cytopathic, and non-replicating non-cytopathic. The identification of these three CHSE-phenotypes of ISAV has important implications from diagnostic and biological points of view.     

林地施肥对Ⅰ-214杨木材性质的影响

本文系统地研究了林地施肥与Ⅰ-214杨木材性质的关系。其结果:林地施肥后,木材纤维的长度、宽度、壁厚及化学组成的α-纤维素的数均值呈上升趋势;木材细胞次生壁S_2层的微纤丝角由19.4度减至18.3度,纤维素的相对结晶度由54.5％增加为56.3％;木材的物理力学性质诸项指标,虽互有高低,经方差分析验证,尚未达到差异显著水平;化学机械浆(CMP)制浆特征和浆张的物理性质,除多量施肥的化学预处理后得率(89.2％)稍高外,其他各项指标相近。     

Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three testing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. After the decay test using Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field, whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant. [Supported by Sino-Japanese Technical Cooperation Project Titled “Studies on Chinese Plantation Wood” (JICA PROJECT/033-1418-E-O)]     

闽北地区杨扇舟蛾生物学特性的观察

１９９１—１９９２年的观察结果表明：杨扇舟蛾在福建省顺昌县一年发生５代，以蛹在表土层、树皮缝隙处越冬，翌年４月上旬成虫开始羽化。各代幼虫为害期分别为５月、６月、７—８月、９月、１０—１１月，以７—９月的３、４代危害最烈，蛹期６—９天；成虫寿命６—９天；卵期３—９天；天敌有９种。     

Regulatory effect of miR-214-5p on myocardial injury and immune response in ischemia-reperfusion rats by targeting PAK4

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA-214-5p (miR-214-5p) on myocardial injury and immune response in rats with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by targeting p21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4). METHODS: The rats were divided into sham group, I/R group, Ad-Scramble group, and Ad-miR-214 group (n=9). Adenovirus was injected into 6 different sites on the anterior wall of the left ventricle of the rats. Four days later, the I/R model was constructed by suturing the left anterior descending coronary artery. The expression level of miR-214 was detected by RT-qPCR. Myocardial injury was observed by HE staining. The levels of heart damage markers (CK-MB, Mb, and cTnI) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The content of MDA and the activity of SOD were detected by commercially available kits. Target genes were predicted by genetic software and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, PAK4, p-Akt and p-mTOR were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: miR-214 was down-regulated in the cardiomyocytes of I/R rats (P<0.01). Over-expression of miR-214-5p attenuated myocardial injury in the I/R rats, down-regulated the expression of CK-MB, Mb and cTnI, decreased the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes, up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, down-regulated Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression, increased SOD activity, and decreased the content of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (P<0.01). The binding sites of miR-214-5p and PAK4 were pre-sent in the 3’-UTR, and over-expression of miR-214-5p up-regulated the protein levels of PAK4, p-Akt and p-mTOR (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: miR-214-5p over-expression attenuates myocardial injury in I/R rats by targeting PAK4, inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.     

Dauerbeobachtung auf niedermooren—aufbau der ökosystemaren umweltbeobachtung in den biosphärenreservaten schorfheide‐chorin und spreewald

In den Biosphärenreservaten Schorfheide‐Chorin und Spreewald (Brandenburg) wird momentan eine den MAB Kriterien entsprechende Ökosystemare Umweltbeobachtung installiert. Unsere Arbeitsgruppe richtet die Dauerbeobachtung für die Ökosystemgruppen Acker, Grünland und Moor ein. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Auswahl der zu beobachtenden Ökosystem—Nutzungstypen für alle Niedermoorflächen (Naturnahe und entwässerte Moore).     

Untersuchungen über eine leistungsfähige,nachhaltige sowie ökonomisch und ökologisch orientierte landwirtschaft

Ziele einer nachhaltigen, landwirtschaftlichen Bodennutzung sind, global gesehen, hohe und steigende Erträge je Flächeneinheit zur Sicherung der Ernährung der ständig wachsenden Weltbevölkerung und zur Produktion von Energie und Rohstoffen, bei gleichzeitiger Vermeidung von Umweltbelastungen durch Eintrag von Nähr- und Schadstoffen in das Grundwasser oder in die Atmosphäre. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse zahlreicher Dauerfeldversuche wird der Einfluss des Ökologischen Landbaus (ÖL) und des Integrierten Landbaus (IL) auf Ertrag und Umwelt mit folgenden Ergebnissen verglichen: Bei Verzicht auf Mineraldüngung und chemischen Pflanzenschutz werden nur bis zu 70% des ökologisch und ökonomisch vertretbaren Höchstertrages, der mit der kombinierten organisch-mineralischen Düngung erzielt wird, erreicht. Damit werden für die Produktion gleicher Mengen an Nahrung über 40% mehr Fläche benötigt. Das Stickstoffregime ist mit dem Risiko größerer Verluste verbunden, die Kohlenstoffbilanzen fallen ungünstiger aus. Der IL bindet im Vergleich zum ÖL etwa eine t C/ha mehr aus der Atmosphäre. Backqualität und N-Gehalt des Getreides sind im ÖL vielfach unzureichend. Qualitätsvorteile sind nicht nachgewiesen. Die Bewertung unterschiedlicher Bewirtschaftungssysteme nach den "Kriterien Umweltgerechte Landwirtschaft (KUL)" oder dem Modell "Repro" gewährleistet eine ausreichend sichere Kontrolle und wird empfohlen.     

割地草在214意杨育苗中的应用技术研究

通过试验与推广总结出在杨树育苗中应用割地草最适施用时期是杨树芽苞未萌动前,最经济施用浓度为0.1%喷湿土表,除草效果90%以上,结合一次中耕除草,可基本免除人工除草。