Analysis of testicular variables,semen motility and kinematics-derived indexes in boar using a CASA-Mot system

The present study aimed to evaluate differences in area, volume and testicular weight among groups related to breed and age of boar and establish associations between testicular parameters and seminal characteristics. Seminal quality has been studied using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) systems that reduce the subjectivity of kinematic parameters. Based on the data obtained through this system, sperm quality indexes and their derived parameters have been assessed to identify a better estimator for determining movement and velocity parameters. We also established indexes of velocity and sperm movement for boar semen. To this end, we evaluated 191 ejaculate samples from 63 boars. Differences related to the effects of season and age on quality boar semen were found (p ≤ .05) in the animal groups. Indexes were established for velocity and sperm movement based on CASA-Mot, and we proposed a sperm movement index (SMI) and sperm velocity index (SVI) with the CASA-Mot variables. Correlations were found (p < .05) among sperm indexes and CASA-Mot variables. Boar characteristics were found to be associated with some CASA-Mot variables, and the estimated SMI and SVI indexes predicted a greater variation in kinematic characteristics compared to the parameters evaluated separately using the CASA-Mot system.     

The evaluation of lycopene and cysteamine supplementation effects on sperm and oxidative stress parameters during chilled storage of canine semen

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of lycopene and cysteamine on characteristics of sperm, liquid peroxidation and enzymatic activities in seminal plasma of canine semen preserved at 5°C for 72 hr. The semen samples were divided into eight aliquots: control, control sham (dimethyl sulfoxide 5%), lycopene groups (250, 500 and 750 µg/ml) and cysteamine groups (2.5, 5 and 10 mM). Motility, viability, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. Progressive motility and total motility were higher with the 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, compared to the control group and the cysteamine groups following 72 hr of storage in the liquid storage. Motility characteristics, viability and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) percentages were significantly improved in 500 µg/ml lycopene compared to other groups. The 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, showed significantly reduced percentages of spermatozoa with DNA integrity compared to the control group. The 500 and 750 µg/ml lycopene concentrations, respectively, led to the significant decrease of MDA levels. The 500 µg/ml lycopene enhanced TAC levels after 48 and 72 hr that was not observed in other groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that lycopene supplementation in canine semen extenders improved canine semen parameters and TAC levels and decreased MDA levels in the chilling process.     

北京房山区8月份净第一性生产力变化分析

净第一性生产力是评价地表植被状况的重要指标之一,对分析和评价全球和区域生态环境、碳循环等变化具有重要作用.该文借助在CASA模型机理以及区域太阳辐射估算模型基础上建立的区域净第一性生产力估算模型,以房山区为例,分析了北京市郊区19922、001、2004年3年间8月份净第一性生产力的变化.分析结果表明,研究区3年间8月份的NPP分别为152.01、142.83、96.32 g/(m2.月);由于受到各种因素的影响,3年间8月份NPP结构构成不同,1992和2001年均以较高产区的NPP产量最高,其次是高产区和中产区,而2004年则以中产区的NPP产量最高,其次是高产区和低产区,而较高产区的NPP产量最低;1992和2001年各产量水平区的NPP总量在全区NPP总量中的比重,随NPP分区产量水平的提高而逐步提高,较高产区的NPP产量比重分别为:1992年42.26%,2001年37.54%;2004年各产量水平区所占比重变化较大,以中产区最高,占全区NPP总量的42.39%,其次是高产区和低产区,而以较高产区的NPP产量比重最低;通过逐步回归分析可知,在影响研究区NPP变化的各气候因素中,以平均风速、降雨量和实际日照时数影响最为显著,其中尤以降雨量的影响最大.     

陕西省关中地区农田生态系统碳源/汇估算

运用改进的CASA(carnegie ames stanford biosphere)模型,基于化肥、农膜、农地翻耕、农机运用4类主要碳排放,结合2010年相关遥感数据和统计数据,以县(区或市)为单元对陕西省关中地区农田生态系统碳吸收、碳排放及净碳汇进行了测算。结果表明:(1)研究区碳吸收总量约为6.44×106 t,其中6,7,8月为碳吸收高值月,12,1,2,3月为碳吸收低值月。碳吸收量高于2.0×105 t的县(区或市)分布在宝鸡市北部,咸阳市西部,渭南市中部和西南部。(2)研究区碳排放总量约为1.41×106 t,农用化肥为主要碳排放源,约占89%。碳排放量超过6.00×104 t的县(区或市)分布在渭南市中部、咸阳市中部偏南。(3)研究区净碳汇总量约为5.03×106 t,各县(区或市)净碳汇量均为正值。净碳汇总量超过2.00×104 t的县(区或市)主要分布在关中地区西北部。     

藏北高原植被净初级生产力的遥感估算

利用CASA模型、多时相MODIS遥感数据和地面气象数据相结合方法,考虑不同植被类型的最大光利用率的差异,对藏北高原2004年的植被净初级生产力（NPP）进行估算,分析了植被NPP时空分布特征。结果表明：①藏北高原的植被NPP估算结果与实测值是基本吻合的,效果较好,该遥感模型可以实现对藏北高原植被初级净生产力时空动态的快速诊断与准确评估。②藏北高原植被NPP空间分布格局表现出自东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势,与水热条件和植被类型的地带性分异规律是一致的。整个研究区植被NPP总量为31.19MtC/a,其中高寒草甸的NPP最大,占55.85%;其次为高寒草原,占26.6%。③藏北高原植被NPP具有显著的季相变化规律,全年中冬季（11-3月）的植被NPP值是非常低的,植被NPP累加值占全年NPP总量的3.2%;夏季（6-9月）植被NPP值是比较高的,植被NPP累加值占全年NPP总量的84.0%。     

重庆市植被净初级生产力的遥感估算及分析

[目的]遥感估算和分析2007年重庆市植被净初级生产力(NPP)。[方法]基于CASA模型,结合SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI S10数据、植被覆盖分类图、气象数据等,对2007年重庆市NPP进行遥感估算,在GIS及RS的支持下,进行数据的前期处理,对2007年重庆市NPP分布状况及年内变化情况进行分析。[结果]NPP平均值为112.343~799.391 g C/m~2,研究区植被净初级生产力区域变化明显,季相差异显著,其中高值主要出现在渝东南、东北区域,低值主要存在于渝西北区域;NPP值夏季(6~8月)﹥春季(3~5月)﹥秋季(9~11月)﹥冬季(12~2月),年内阔叶林植被NPP最高,水生植被NPP生产量最低。[结论]该NPP估算方法能较好地模拟重庆市的NPP及其时空格局,估算结果比较符合实际,能应用于NPP估算项目中。     

Effects of the Addition of Autologous Seminal Plasma to Highly Concentrated Stallion Semen After 48 Hours of Cooled Storage

Insemination with chilled transported semen has become distinctly important in the horse-breeding industry. To ensure cell survival during cooled storage, semen is diluted with an appropriate extender and the concentration of seminal plasma (SP) is reduced. Nevertheless, SP plays an important immunomodulatory role in the female genital tract and supports sperm fertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of autologous SP after cooled storage to highly concentrated stallion semen. Therefore, SP was removed by simple centrifugation of extended semen, aspiration of the supernatant, and resuspension of the sperm pellet with semen extender. Motion characteristics were evaluated after cooled storage for 48 hours at concentrations of 333 × 10⁶ sperm/mL in comparison with stored samples at concentration of 25 × 10⁶ sperm/mL (control). The highly concentrated semen samples were diluted with an extender containing 0%, 5%, 20%, and 80% SP directly before motility analysis. Dilution of the cooled semen with a fresh semen extender without SP (0%) increased kinematic parameters (curvilinear velocity [VCL] 137.3 vs. 151.8; straight-line velocity [VSL] 49.0 vs. 57.5; average path velocity [VAP] 69.5 vs. 79.4 μm/second; amplitude of lateral head [ALH] 3.1 vs. 3.3 μm; beat cross frequency [BCF] 31.6 vs. 33.5 Hz; P < .05) but not total motility (51% vs. 43%) and progressive motility (46% vs. 36%) compared with controls. The addition of SP after storage for 48 hours decreased sperm total motility and progressive motility regardless of SP concentration: 5 (38% and 34%), 20 (37% and 33%), and 80% SP (27% and 22%; P < .05). In contrast, kinematic parameters were enhanced by extenders containing 5% and 20% SP (VCL: 148.0 and 155.6; VSL: 59.2 and 60.9; VAP: 78.7 and 81.9; BCF: 33.4 and 35.7; ALH: 3.4 and 3.4; P < .05). However, using an extender containing 80% SP was detrimental to kinematic parameters (VCL: 151.2; VSL: 52.2; VAP: 76.9; BCF: 34.8; P < .05) except for ALH, which increased (3.5; P < .05). In conclusion, cooled storage at concentrations of 333 × 10⁶ sperm/mL did not affect sperm motility. The addition of a fresh extender or an extender containing small concentrations of SP to highly concentrated ejaculated sperm increased kinematic values after storage; however, increasing concentrations of SP decreased sperm motility.     

Quality of Raw and of Cold-Stored Semen in Icelandic Stallions

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of raw and cooled semen in Icelandic stallions. Experiments were performed using seven stallions aged between 3 and 19 years. From each stallion, six ejaculates were collected, and semen quality was determined. Thereafter, the semen was split into eight equal parts and processed with and without centrifugation using the extenders INRA 82-egg yolk, INRA 96, GENT, and Equi-Pro to a final concentration of 30 × 10⁶ sperm/mL. The extended semen was then cooled in an Equitainer, where it was stored for 24 hours, and subsequently refrigerated for another 24 hours at 5°C. Immediately after dilution as well as after 24 and 48 hours storage, sperm motility was analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analyzer, and viability was assessed after dual DNA staining with SYBR-14 in combination with propidium iodide. The results show that the stallion had a significant (P < .05) influence on all variables evaluated in raw semen, and mean (±SEM) values of 43.4 ± 4.3 mL for the volume, 193.0 ± 17.0 × 10⁶ sperm/mL for the concentration, 6.7 ± 0.5 × 10⁹ for total sperm and 73.5 ± 2.1% for total sperm motility, 48.7 ± 2.0% for progressive motility, and 65.3 ± 2.0% for rapid cells were measured. In the cold-stored semen, all variables were significantly (P < .05) influenced by the stallion, extender, and storage time (48 hours). Except for Equi-Pro, all extenders examined were suitable for cooled semen preservation. For storage of more than 24 hours, centrifugation and removal of the seminal plasma were advantageous for all extenders with the exception of Equi-Pro.     

LDL对牛精子冷冻-解冻后运动特性的影响

在牛冷冻精液稀释液中,卵黄中的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)对精子起主要保护作用。本研究利用含有7%、8%、9%和10%(w/v)LDL配制成的稀释液制作牛细管冷冻精液(0.25mL/支),冷冻-解冻后,通过计算机辅助分析系统(CASA)对精子运动参数进行分析。结果表明:稀释液中含8%(w/v)LDL时冷冻效果最好,其冻后精子活力平均可达55.6%,显著高于其他组(P<0.01);精子直线速度平均为32.5μm/s,平均路径速度为35.7μm/s,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);a,b级精子可占精子总数的54%。本研究为牛冷冻精液新型稀释液的开发与利用提供了一定的依据。     

湖州市森林植被净初级生产力研究

基于30 m分辨率的2018年Landsat数据、气象数据和森林资源年度监测小班数据等资料,考虑最大光能利用率在不同森林类型中的差异,采用CASA模型对浙江省湖州市的森林植被净初级生产力(NPP)进行估算,分析其空间分布特征,对估算结果进行精度检验,并与其他学者的NPP测算值进行结果对比.结果表明:(1)湖州市森林植被...