气调贮藏对双孢蘑菇细胞超微结构的影响

为了揭示气调贮藏抑制双孢蘑菇褐变的作用机理,采用透射电镜法对气调贮藏条件下双孢蘑菇细胞超微结构的变化进行观察,分析了双孢蘑菇细胞超微结构完整性与组织褐变度之间的关系,结果表明:双孢蘑菇贮藏过程中组织细胞的完整性与褐变度密切相关,适宜的气调环境能够显著抑制双孢蘑菇贮藏过程组织细胞的降解,从而延缓组织褐变。     

金免疫层析法检测囊虫循环抗原试验研究

应用胶体金和免疫层析技术进行了检测金免疫层析法(GICA)囊虫循环抗原(CA)试验研究。5株抗囊虫McAb和一株多抗用于最佳配对的筛选,一株用于标记胶体金,另一株包被NC膜。以双抗体夹心ELISA为对照,GICA用于CA检测,观察其敏感性、特异性和稳定性。结果显示,以McAb 1A5和1B6配对的结果最佳,1A5最适标记量为10μg／mL,186最佳包被浓度为1 g／L;用GICA和ELISA两种方法检测囊虫CA,痈猪血清和囊液的符合率达100％,病人血清和脑脊液的符合率达80％;CA最低检测量为10 ng,检测正常猪、人及其他疾病血清,均呈阴性;检测时间5-15 min,整个实验仅一步操作;GICA试纸条分别在4℃和室温下保存105 d以及在37℃保存45 d,检测结果均未发现改变。以上结果表明,快速检测囊虫循环抗原的金免疫层析法具有简便、快速、敏感、特异和稳定的特点,适合基层使用。     

铁锰配施对川西蒙山茶叶品质的影响

土壤中的铁和锰均为植物生长发育的有益元素。采用二次饱和D－最优试验设计进行茶树盆栽土培试验,以铁、锰肥为自变量,茶叶氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚和可溶性糖含量为目标函数,设二因素五水平,探讨了铁锰配施对茶叶品质的影响。结果表明：当锰肥施用浓度为0.12 g/kg和铁肥施用浓度为0.03 g/kg时,茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱含量交互效应最高,平均含量分别为24.78%和2.96%;当锰肥施用浓度为0.12 g/kg和铁肥施用浓度为0.24 g/kg时,茶叶中氨基酸和可溶性糖含量交互效应最高,达到理论最高值,平均含量分别为2.19%和2.65%。     

杨梅自发气调保鲜研究初报

对3种气调保鲜箱贮藏环境的气体成分变化及对杨梅保鲜效果进行了研究。试验结果表明,在0℃冷藏条件下,使用气调保鲜箱杨梅适宜贮藏时间为20天,保鲜效果明显好于对照;气调箱-2效果最好。气调箱-2在贮藏6天时O2、CO2含量达到平衡;在贮藏12～15天时CO2含量达到峰值20.65%,O2含量接近2%,该环境条件有利于杨梅贮藏保鲜。     

树莓气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对树莓果实贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,树莓果实最佳气调贮藏条件为CO2≤10％,O2≥5％,在上述气调环境条件下,贮藏20天后树莓果实仍可保持较好的品质质量。     

安徽省克氏原螯虾白斑综合征病毒变异区序列分析

白斑综合征已给安徽省克氏原螯虾产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为了解安徽省白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)分子流行病学,2016年4—8月在安徽省6个市采集9个养殖的克氏原螯虾样本进行WSSV套式PCR检测,扩增病毒可变区ORF94、ORF75和ORF125,将获得序列进行比较分析。结果显示,9个样本均在第1轮PCR扩增中获得阳性结果,其ORF94的重复单元(repeat unit,RU)数量为2、4、7、8和12,2RUs为常见基因型,ORF75的组合RUs总数为3、6、9、10和11,9 RUs为常见基因型,排列顺序为45、102、45、102、3×45、102和45,ORF125的RUs为5~9,其中7 RUs和6 RUs为常见基因型。     

尾部静脉注射5-HTP对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马CA1区神经元放电频率的影响

目的研究慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠在尾部静脉注射5-羟色胺酸（5-HTP）后引起的海马CA1区神经元放电的变化.方法给予对照组大鼠及抑郁模型组大鼠尾部静脉注射5-HTP后,用玻璃微电极记录两组海马CA1区神经元的放电变化情况,并对其进行收录及结果分析.结果模型组的兴奋神经元放电频率增加的百分率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）.结论增加大鼠脑内5-HT的含量有助于加强抑郁模型大鼠海马区5-羟色胺酸神经元的兴奋性,改善抑郁症状.     

冰温气调对红富士苹果贮藏效果的影响

研究了冰温条件下不同气体成分对红富士苹果果实生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,八成熟红富士苹果的冰点为-1．5℃,其冰点温度与果实的成熟度呈负相关;适宜的冰温气调贮藏条件可明显地抑制红富士苹果呼吸及乙烯释放速率．减缓果实组织相对电导率的上升和杲肉硬度及可溶性固形物（TSS）的下降速率,贮藏8个月仍能保持良好的品质;红富士苹果较长期冰温贮藏的适宜气体指标为：O2 1％～3％,CO2〈2％。     

柠檬酸和EDTA对铜污染土壤环境中吊兰生长的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了在铜污染条件下,柠檬酸和EDTA作为活化剂对铜污染土壤中吊兰生长状况的影响.结果表明,柠檬酸和EDTA对吊兰富集量的影响与其对土壤中铜的活化能力呈显著性正相关.柠檬酸对土壤铜有较强的活化作用,能够有效提高吊兰对铜的吸收,且在浓度为5mmol/L时效果最为明显,而较高的铜富集量又抑制了吊兰的生长;EDTA对吊兰富集能力的影响相对较弱,对吊兰的生长也无显著影响.相比而言,柠檬酸对铜污染土壤中吊兰生长状况的影响比EDTA大.     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA across different pig age groups in an intensive pig production system in Australia

This observational study aimed to determine MRSA prevalence using strain‐specific real‐time PCR at the pig level, stratified by age groupings, within a pig enterprise. A total of 658 samples were collected from individual pigs (n = 618) and the piggery environment (n = 40), distributed amongst five different pig age groups. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of mecA, and MALDI‐TOF was performed for species verification. All isolates were tested against 18 different antimicrobials. MRSA was isolated from 75.2% (95% CI 71.8–78.6) of samples collected from pigs, and 71% of the MRSA isolates from this source were identified as community‐associated (CA)‐MRSA ST93, while the remainder were livestock‐associated (LA)‐MRSA ST398. Amongst environmental isolates, 80% (CI 64.3–95.7) were ST93 and the remainder ST398. All MRSA isolates from pigs and the environment were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Phenotypic rates of resistance were penicillin (100%), clindamycin (97.6%), erythromycin (96.3%), ceftiofur (93.7%), chloramphenicol (81.2%), tetracycline (63.1%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (63.9%). A low prevalence of resistance (9.2%) was observed against neomycin and quinupristin–dalfopristin. The probability of MRSA carriage in dry sows (42.2%) was found to be significantly lower (p < .001) when compared to other age groups: farrowing sows (76.8%, RR1.82), weaners (97.8%, RR 2.32), growers (94.2%, RR 2.23) and finishers (98.3%, RR 2.33). Amongst different production age groups, a significant difference was also found in antimicrobial resistance for amoxicillin–clavulanate, neomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Using the RT‐PCR assay adopted in this study, filtering of highly prevalent ST93 and non‐ST93 isolates was performed at high throughput and low cost. In conclusion, this study found that weaner pigs presented a higher risk for CA‐MRSA and antimicrobial resistance compared to other age groups. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MRSA outbreaks should be approached under the One‐Health context.