散叶堆积烘烤技术对烤烟综合效益的影响

为了进一步摸清散叶堆积烘烤技术对烤烟综合效益的影响,研究分析了2011年贵州正安县推广应用散叶堆积烘烤技术的相关数据.结果表明,散叶堆积烘烤相较常规挂竿烘烤,能省工节能、提质增效;其中,烤后烟均价、上等烟率和橘黄烟率分别提高0.33元/kg、5.78个百分点和3.52个百分点,杂色烟率降低0.97个百分点,烘烤环节用工成本降低0.53元/kg,能耗成本降低0.32元/kg,增加经济效益1.18元/kg.     

吴震东公式简化计算研究

混凝土工程冬季施工主要采用非加热养护方法,这类方法的技术关键是精确的热工计算,而热工计算目前仍广泛应用吴震东理论,按吴震东理论建立的整套公式可以描述混凝土在各咎情况下温度时间变化规律,但由于吴东公式较为复杂,许多学者对简化吴震东公式作了深化入的研究和讨论,据此分析了简化吴震东公式的思路、途径与方法,并评价了各类简化公式和近似公式的优点与不足之处。     

烘烤工艺、成熟度和取样方式对烤后烟叶多酚的影响

测定了2种烘烤工艺、3个成熟度和2种取样方式对烤烟品种翠碧1号(CB-1)中部叶烤后多酚含量的影响.结果表明,成熟度和烘烤工艺对烤后烟叶多酚含量都有极显著的影响.随着成熟度的提高,多酚含量显著加大.在取样方式上,同一处理混合样多酚含量均高于C3F,在慢烤工艺下的差异不显著,在快烤工艺下的差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

Efficiency and energy use in puddling of lowland rice grown on Vertisols in Central India

Transplanting of rice seedling in puddled soil is one of the most widely used cultivation practices. The present research is aimed at determining what specific implements are needed to obtain optimal puddle bed for transplantating. Puddling experiments were carried out by the use of pair of bullocks with traditional country plough (T₁), pair of bullocks with lug wheel puddler (T₂), power tiller with rotary puddler (T₃), tractor with cage wheel and 9-tine cultivator (T₄) and tractor with cage wheel and rotavator (T₅). One summer ploughing was done at friable moisture condition (18.6% db) and then tilled soil was flooded to saturation (24 h) for preparation of puddled bed. Weeding efficiency, puddling depth, percentage increase in bulk density, puddling index, percolation rate and grain yield of paddy were studied for the above treatments. Puddling performance by different implements in comparison to the traditional animal drawn country plough (T₁) shows that there is a definite reduction in time requirement for field preparation. Increase in weeding efficiency, bulk density, grain yield and puddling index were also observed. The highest values of weeding efficiency and puddling index were found 98.6% and 79.3, respectively, for rotavator (T₅). The total time requirement for preparation of puddle field for treatment T₄ (tractor with cultivator) was found to be the lowest (9.4 h ha⁻¹) with 67% weeding efficiency and 62.7 puddling index as compared to all other alternatives tested. Energy requirement for preparation of puddle field was found highest (2390 MJ ha⁻¹) for rotavator (T₅) followed by T₃, T₄, T₁, and T₂ treatments.     

Moisture conservation for rainfed wheat production with alternative mulches and conservation tillage in the hills of north-west India

In the hills of north–west India, maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the dominant cropping system. However, rainfed wheat suffers from lack of optimum moisture at sowing. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years on a silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) to evaluate the effectiveness of mulches and conservation tillage for rainfed wheat in mitigating this problem. The treatments were ten factorial combinations of five mulch-tillage practices and two nitrogen levels (N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ kg ha⁻¹). Mulch treatments consisted of application of 10 Mg ha⁻¹ (dry weight basis), to previous standing maize, of either wild sage (Lantana camara L.) or eupatorium (Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel) in combination with either conventional or conservation (minium) tillage prior to wheat sowing. These alternative practices were compared to the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after harvest of maize with no mulch. The application of these weed mulches to standing maize maintained friable soil structure owing to a five fold higher mean population of earthworms underneath mulch. Mulches resulted in 0.06–0.10 m³ m⁻³ higher moisture in the seed-zone when wheat was sown compared with the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after maize harvest. Mulch-conservation tillage treatments favourably moderated the hydro-thermal regime for growing a wheat crop. The mean root mass density under these treatments at wheat flowering was higher by 1.27–1.40 times over the conventional farmer practice during the 3 year study. Conservation tillage holds promise because it does not require elaborate tillage and may ultimately reduce animal draught in the hilly regions. Recycling available organic materials having no fodder value coupled with conservation tillage may help enrich the soil environment in the long-term. The practice also offers gainful use of these obnoxious weeds that cause great menace in grass and forest lands in the region.     

耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系

四川 1 6个耕地表层的土壤颗粒表面分形维数D为 2 80 5～ 2 942 ,其中砂土2 82 1、壤土 2 870、粘壤土 2 91 6和粘土 2 939。统计分析表明D分别与国际制粗砂粒和细砂粒含量呈极显著负相关 ,与粉粒和粘粒含量呈极显著正相关 ;它与粉粒、粘粒和有机质含量的偏相关关系达极显著水平 ,与容重的偏相关关系达显著水平     

烤烟烘烤过程中叶片膜脂过氧化特性的研究

采用温湿度自动控制电热烤烟箱，研究了烘烤过程中烟叶膜脂过氧化及其内源保护酶活性的变化。结果表明，随烘烤时间延长，叶内超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性下降，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加。烘烤４８ｈ和７２ｈ后，两种酶先后失活，ＭＤＡ积累达最大值，证明烟叶烘烤过程中叶片膜脂过氧化水平不断提高。不同处理以高温快烤烟叶膜脂过氧化水平最高，低温慢烤最低。而且变黄温度对烟叶膜脂过氧化的作用比定色期不同升温处理的作用大。     

新型弹性漆面实木地板漆膜耐磨性的测试

分别采用国家标准和欧洲标准,测试并对比弹性漆面地板和常规UV漆面地板的漆膜耐磨性能。结果表明:弹性漆面地板漆膜耐磨性较优,适合采用欧洲标准进行检测;而常规UV漆面实木地板宜采用相关国标进行检测。     

红花大金元烘烤过程中主要酶活性变化规律的研究

采用三段式烘烤工艺,研究特色烤烟品种红花大金元不同部位叶片烘烤过程中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、多酚氧化酶活性变化规律。结果表明:蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性在烘烤过程中呈上升→下降→再上升→再下降的趋势;多酚氧化酶活性则随着烘烤时间的推移总体呈下降趋势。从蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性变化规律看,通过适当延长烘烤变黄时间、调控变黄相对湿度,有望达到适当降低烤后烟叶淀粉含量及上部叶蛋白质含量的目的。     

安宁河流域免耕覆盖对稻田土壤性状及作物产量的影响研究

[目的]探索免耕覆盖在四川省西昌市主要轮作方式中的技术措施及其对土壤性状和作物产量的影响。[方法]2008年开始在西昌市小庙乡进行水稻-小麦轮作免耕覆盖的长期定位试验,共设置7个处理,选择其中有代表性的3个处理（①翻耕并将秸秆带离本田;③秸秆翻耕入土;⑤免耕秸秆覆盖还田）定期测定土壤养分含量、土壤含水量、土壤温度等,并对各处理水稻产量进行比较。[结果]处理⑤土壤有机质含量分别较处理①、③提高了6.81%和0.93%,土壤全氮含量分别较处理①、③提高了6.66%和2.67%,全磷和全钾含量分别较处理①提高了5.26%和8.34%;处理⑤土壤含水量较高,表土温度较低,水稻产量较高。[结论]免耕覆盖可提高土壤养分含量,调控土壤温度,增加土壤含水量,提高作物产量。