转Bt基因抗虫棉晋棉26号的生产特性及其配套技术

运用农杆菌介导法将Bt抗虫基因导入晋棉7号，获得抗虫棉品种晋棉26号。其纤维品质、产量性状与对照相当，属于高抗棉铃虫类型。棉铃虫防治不治2代，适当防治3代和4代。栽培措施是宜早浇水，早施肥，密植，不化控。     

Susceptibility of Brazilian populations of Diatraea saccharalis to Cry1Ab and response to selection for resistance

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is a key pest of sugarcane and other grasses, which is a current focus of research aiming to develop transgenically resistant genotypes. However, the current susceptibility of Brazilian populations of the sugarcane borer to Bt toxins is unknown. Laboratory assays were carried out to characterize the susceptibility of sugarcane borer to the Bt toxin Cry1Ab and to select a resistant strain for additional studies on Cry1Ab resistance. Susceptibility was characterized by exposing neonates of different Brazilian colonies of sugarcane borer to different concentrations in meridic diet using surface application of Cry1Ab toxin. Selection for Cry1Ab resistance was carried out by exposing neonates to Cry1Ab-expressing maize (MON 810). The resistance of the borer populations to Cry1Ab was variable with LC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values reaching about 30-fold. The larvae responded positively to Cry1Ab selection exhibiting a 55-fold increase in resistance after four generations. This suggests the suitability of using leaves containing Bt-expressing genes for selection and the existence of variability of Bt-resistance in populations of the sugarcane borer.     

新疆棉区转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫的毒杀效果

用室内生测法研究分析了转基因抗虫棉不同生育期、不同组织器官对棉铃虫1日龄幼虫的毒杀效果.结果表明:抗虫棉花不同发育阶段,对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫活性存在明显的时间差异,总的趋势是前强后弱.抗虫棉花不同组织器官对棉铃虫幼虫的毒杀效果具有空间上的差异,蕾和苞叶毒杀效果最强,花蕊毒杀效果最弱.抗虫棉花对棉铃虫幼虫具有较强的控制作用,幼虫很难存活至化蛹.     

涝渍对Bt棉棉蕾杀虫蛋白表达含量及氮代谢影响

以Bt棉常规种泗抗1号和杂交种泗抗3号为材料,于盛蕾期设计不同程度涝渍(土壤持水量为最大持水量的90%、100%,渍水2 cm)胁迫4 d以及土壤持水量为最大持水量90%逆境下持续胁迫24~120 h的试验,探讨棉蕾中Bt杀虫蛋白表达量变化及相关氮代谢生理机制。结果表明,土壤不同涝渍程度影响棉蕾Bt蛋白含量。土壤持水量为最大持水量的90%、100%和渍水2 cm处理胁迫后,常规种泗抗1号棉蕾中Bt蛋白含量分别下降36.5%、42.1%和51.4%,杂交种泗抗3号分别下降19.2%、57.2%和64.5%。90%的土壤持水量持续胁迫96 h使棉蕾Bt蛋白含量开始显著下降,泗抗1号和泗抗3号分别下降20.8%和17.6%。随着胁迫时间延长下降幅度增大。不同涝渍程度或水渍持续胁迫条件下,棉蕾中可溶性蛋白含量,硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性下降,游离性氨基酸含量,肽酶、蛋白酶活性增加。说明涝渍逆境下,棉蕾中蛋白质合成能力下降、分解能力增强,引起可溶性蛋白包括Bt杀虫蛋白含量下降,导致棉蕾抗虫性下降。     

应用Bt生物制剂防治松毛虫试验

Bt可湿性粉剂（毒力效价8000IU），防治松毛虫效果较好，15天以后达到最高效果，最佳用药量750g/hm^2，平均效果能达92．54％。     

化学调节剂诱导转Bt基因棉花杀虫蛋白和主要抗虫次生物的变化

初步探讨了水杨酸和缩节胺处理转 Bt基因棉花后顶端嫩叶中 Bt杀虫蛋白和主要抗虫次生物发生的变化。结果发现 ,水杨酸和缩节胺处理不能明显影响转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中 Bt杀虫蛋白的表达量 ;适宜浓度的水杨酸和缩节胺处理能够明显提高转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中缩合单宁和芸香苷的含量 ;适宜浓度的水杨酸处理还能够明显提高转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中总抗虫萜烯类物质的含量 ;而缩节胺处理对转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中总抗虫萜烯类物质的含量影响不大。水杨酸和缩节胺能够在一定程度诱导棉花抗虫次生物的表达     

Resistance to the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, within Brassica fruticulosa

Two transgenic Bt rice lines, KMD1 and KMD2, both containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bt, were crossed with conventional rice varieties. The inheritance of resistance to SSB of KMD1 and KMD2was investigated through LSB and field examination of their progenies, e.g. F₁, BC₁ and F₂ populations. In LSBs, 100.0% of newly hatched SSB larvae died on the second day after feeding on leaf tissues of F₁ and GUS positive BC₁ plants, of which the area of leaf tissues consumed by SSB is also similar to that of transgenic parents. These results imply that the resistance of Bt rice to SSB is dominantly controlled and could be easily exploited in hybrid rice production. Field evaluation showed that segregation ratios for SSB resistance to susceptibility in BC₁ populations fit the ratio of 1:1, which was also confirmed by LSBs. However, in F₂ populations, the ratio was significantly smaller than 3:1 for resistant to susceptible plants in all 6 indica × japonica (KMD1 and KMD2) crosses, though it fitted 3:1 in all 4 japonica × japonica crosses. The results implied that the resistance of Bt rice to SSB was controlled by a dominant gene which was present in a homozygous condition in both KMD1 and KMD2, but the inheritance could be affected by other factors. Assays for Cry1Ab protein showed that, in most crosses, the content of Cry1Ab is significantly higher in leaves of GUS positive F₁, BC₁ and F₂ plants than that in transgenic Bt parent plants, which accounts for the high resistance observed in these plants to SSB. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中棉所29栽培技术及其生理特性研究

研究表明 ,抗虫杂交棉中棉所 2 9苗期叶绿素、IAA含量高 ,MDA含量低 ,SOD、CAT酶活性高 ,膜脂过氧化程度低 ,棉苗抗胁迫能力强 ,苗质好 ,生长健壮 ;中后期 MDA、ABA含量和 POD活性升高 ;整个生育期均保持较高的光合强度 ,N素营养充足 ,利于高产优质 ;在华北平原一熟种植最佳播期在 4月下旬 ,中等肥水条件下最佳密度为 5.2 5万株· hm- 2 ;对缩节安化调反应不敏感 ,应看苗化调     

Effects of Genotypes and Plant Density on Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis in Bt Transgenic Cotton

Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including the introduced, indigenous Chinese non‐hybrid and hybrid cotton, is spreading very rapidly in China. Agronomic and photosynthetic performance as well as the optimum plant density for planting Bt cotton may vary with genotypes. With three types of commercial Bt cotton varieties, two field experiments were conducted to study yield performance and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) during 2000 and 2001, and yield interaction between variety and plant density during 2001 and 2002 in Yellow River region in northern China. The first experiment showed that the indigenous Chinese Bt cotton significantly differed from the introduced Bt cotton (IBtC) in plant growth and yield components. As a result of manipulation of boll numbers, boll weight and lint percentage, there was no significant difference in lint yield between Chinese non‐hybrid Bt cotton (CBtC) and the IBtC, but two Chinese hybrid Bt cotton (HBtC) varieties exhibited significantly higher lint yield than all other varieties in either 2000 or 2001. Hybrid cotton SCRC15 showed a one‐peak curvilinear change in diurnal course of Pn throughout the growing season, while non‐hybrid cotton 33B and SCRC16 exhibited severe mid‐day depression in Pn in squaring, flowering or boll‐setting stage. The second experiment showed that the main effect of plant population on lint yield was not significant, and yield difference among all treatments was derived from varieties and the interaction between plant density and variety. The optimal plant densities in terms of lint yield for the introduced, indigenous CBtC and HBtC genotypes were 6.0, 4.5 and 3.0 plants m^?2 respectively.