布鲁氏菌病病原学研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏茵引起的危害严重的人畜共患病,主要危害人畜生殖系统,患病动物是主要的传染源,其流行地域在不断变化,每年都有新发和复发地区的报道。布鲁氏菌的感染主要缘于其有效的宿主免疫逃避机制,论文对近几年国内外布鲁氏菌抗原和毒力因子等病原学研究进展予以综述,为布鲁氏菌病防治提供参考。     

祁连县绵羊群中流产类疾病的血清学检测

应用虎红平板凝集试验(Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test,RBPT)、衣原体、弓形虫、绵羊支原体间接血凝试验(Indirect Hemagglutination Assay,IHA),对采自青海省祁连县两个村绵羊的199份血清进行了布氏杆菌、衣原体、弓形虫的血清抗体检测。结果:在199份被检血清中,未检出布氏杆菌和衣原体的血清阳性;检出弓形虫阳性血清9份,阳性率为4.5%;羊传染性胸膜肺炎阳性血清13份,阳性率为6.5%。     

塔城市牛布鲁氏菌病血清流行病学调查及分析

采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对塔城市10个乡镇场社区27个村队巷1207份未免疫布病疫苗的牛血清进行监测,检出阳性65头,阳性率为5.4%。阳性牛分布在8个乡镇场社区的27个村队巷。出现布病疫情主要原因是,传染源没有彻底清除,市场交易频繁,大量外引牲畜未得到有效检疫,饲养者缺乏对布病知识的了解致使阳性畜不断增加,导致疫情扩散。采取检疫、净化与扑杀无害化处理相结合的方式,淘汰病畜,加强牲畜流通环节监管,加大宣传,以控制疫情蔓延。     

扑杀病害奶牛时静松灵和敌敌畏联合应用效果观察

布鲁氏菌病（以下简称布病）和牛结核病为人畜共患病,我国将＂两病＂规定为二类动物疫病。尤其是布病对人畜普遍易感,且经接触、空气、黏膜多途径传播、感染,疫情发生后,按照＂检、杀、免、消＂的防治原则,进行科学的果断处置,使疫情得到控制,对提高人口质量,促进畜牧业健康发展具有极为重要的意义。在扑杀过程中,静松灵（Xylazine Hydrochloride Injection）和敌敌畏（DD-VP）的联合应用,成本低,省时省力,符合动物福利原则,虽不是完全的安乐死,但使动物痛苦得到了降低,值得推广。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病的检测技术研究进展

本文从病原学检测、血清学试验、聚合酶链反应方法、胶体金检测技术以及其他几个常用方法等方面对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的检测技术研究进行综述。     

沈阳地区鹿布氏杆菌病的血清学调查

采用血清学方法,对沈阳地区的梅花鹿群未注射布氏杆菌病疫苗的541份血清进行了检测,阳性率为26．62％。结果表明鹿群中仍然存在布氏杆菌病。     

Seeking a niche: putative contributions of the hfq and bacA gene products to the successful adaptation of the brucellae to their intracellular home

Long-term residence of the brucellae in the phagosomal compartment of host macrophages is essential to their ability to produce disease in both natural and experimental hosts. Correspondingly, the Brucella spp. appear to be well adapted to resist the multiple environmental stresses they encounter in their intracellular home. This brief review will focus on the contributions of the hfq and bacA gene products to this adaptation. Studies with Brucella hfq mutants suggest that stationary phase physiology is critical for successful long-term residence in host macrophages. Analysis of Brucella bacA mutants, on the other hand, reveal very striking parallels between the strategies employed by the rhizobia to establish and maintain protracted intracellular residence in their plant host and those used by the brucellae during their long-term survival in the phagosomal compartment of host macrophages.     

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis of goats in herds of Michoacan, Mexico

Our objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of Brucella melitensis, and to identify some risk factors associated with goat seropositivity in Michoacan, Mexico. Blood samples were collected from 5114 animals from 79 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against B. melitensis using the Rose Bengal plate test and the complement-fixation test. Information regarding the herds and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview at the farm. We used random-effects multivariable logistic regression to analyze our data. Fifty-six herds of the 79 tested had at least one seropositive animal. The animal-level true seroprevalence was 9.8% (CI = 8.8, 10.7). Animals in large herds (>34 animals), in herds with high stock density (>3.5 animals/m²) or animals >24 months old had higher odds of seropositivity (2.0, 1.7 and 1.8, respectively) than those in small herds, in herds with low stock density or animals ≤24 months old.     

Human brucellosis at a pig slaughterhouse

Seventeen workers in a pig slaughterhouse with signs and symptoms compatible with brucellosis were clinically examined at the outpatient service of different health institutions and studied by serological tests during the period 2005–2011. Eleven blood cultures were taken and six Brucella suis strains were isolated, three biovar 1 and three with atypical characteristics. In order to confirm that these cases had no common source, a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on 5 of the 6 strains whose results showed substantial heterogeneity in the genotypes, thereby demonstrating that the immediate origin was not the same. Two hundred adult pigs admitted for slaughter at the plant were sampled by convenience and tested by buffered antigen plate test (BPAT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2-mercapto-ethanol test (MET). Seven of 62 males (11%) and 25/138 (18%) females tested positive. The study results contribute information on risk scenarios for packing plant workers and underscore the need to improve plant workers’ education on appropriate containment measures and to actively screen animals for swine brucellosis.     

Review papers

The occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis infectiosa ovis (KIO) in the Netherlands was reported by Holland et al. in 1969 for the first time. At present the disease is well known in the Netherlands. Nevertheless there are still questions about the causative agent and the most effective and easiest therapy.

Most authors suppose that the disease is caused by Colesiota conjunctivae, although others mention infections by other chlamydia, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Acholeplasma oculi and a wide variety of bacteria.

The diagnosis can be made on the basis of the symtoms and the detection of the agent in Conjunctival scrapings. The bacilliform bodies can be found in conjunctival smears in the cytoplasm (Giemsa, Stamp).

Many therapies are used topically, parenterally or orally. Locally used eye‐ointments must be effective against Colesiota; antimicrobial drugs administered by injection must be effective against the latter and also provide a sufficient cell tissue penetration with excretion into the lacrimal fluid. Injections have proved to be easier to administer, especially in serious outbreaks, but such outbreaks are exceptional (18). Some therapies have been evaluated in small scale experiments (28) as well as in field trials (17).