多效唑对谷子茎秆特征及抗倒性的影响

为研究多效唑对谷子茎秆性状及其穗颈的抗倒性影响,采用随机区组设计,在谷子拔节期前(A1)、拔节期(A2)和孕穗期(A3)分别叶面喷施300 mg·L^-1的多效唑,以清水作为对照(CK),对谷子主要茎秆性状、倒伏指数、穗颈参数及产量进行测定。结果表明：①与CK相比,施药后谷子植株的生长发育受到明显抑制,喷施时期越早,抑制效果越明显,株高越低,2个品种的株高均在A1处理下达到最小值,同时植株重心高度与株高的比值变化趋势与之相一致。②基部节间茎粗增大,在A1处理时达到最大值。随多效唑喷施时期的推移,各节间长度降低幅度减小,而节间直径则随着节间长度的减少逐渐增大,茎秆充实度明显提高。③随多效唑喷施时期的推移,茎秆各节间的弯曲力矩和倒伏指数渐增,抗折力渐减,抗倒性逐渐减弱,均在A1处理时最好。④穗颈方面,农大8号穗颈含水量、弯曲力矩有明显变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理最小,穗颈含水量则在A2处理下最低。而张杂10号穗颈除弯曲力矩有影响外,其他指标无显著变化,其中,穗颈弯曲力矩在A1处理时达到最小。⑤影响谷子产量的关键构成是穗重及穗粒重,在A2处理下谷子增产显著,农大8号产量比CK增加7.10%,张杂10号产量比CK增加8.29%。因此,在拔节期喷施300 mg·L^-1多效唑,可提高谷子茎秆充实度,增强抗倒伏能力,增产效果最好。     

我国谷子产业现状、发展趋势及对策建议

本文从我国谷子种植面积、产区布局、种植品种、消费类型、加工企业、市场动态等方面介绍了我国谷子产业现状,分析了我国谷子产业存在的问题及发展趋势。最后从强化农机农艺、农牧结合技术配套与集成,提高谷子现代化生产水平;设立谷子科研专项,提高谷子研发原始创新能力;加强对谷子产业发展的政策支持;推动谷子产业环境建设等方面提出我国谷子产业发展的四点建议。     

GPIT生物制剂在中度盐碱地黍稷上的应用试验

生物治理盐碱地方便易行,节约成本。在原平市平地泉村进行了GPIT在盐碱地上的黍稷栽培试验。结果表明,在GPIT生物制剂的作用下,耐盐碱作物黍稷的耐盐碱能力会更加提高,首先保证了苗全苗旺,在此基础上又使植株的光合效率大幅提高,最后导致产量大幅提高,为开发利用中度以上的盐碱地开创了一条新的道路。但GPIT生物制剂在盐碱地作物上的应用,也需要在各项栽培技术配套的情况下才能取得更加明显的效果。     

春谷除草剂筛选及防效研究

选用12种除草剂对春谷田间杂草防效进行了田间试验研究。结果表明,播后苗前进行土壤处理,12种除草剂中有4种致谷苗死亡;其余8种对谷子幼苗均有一定的抑制作用,但拔节前可恢复正常;施药后15,30,45 d调查,莠去津和2,4-D丁酯2种除草剂的防效较好,对双子叶杂草的株防效、鲜质量抑制率、综合株防效、综合鲜质量抑制率均超过80%,莠去津优于2,4-D丁酯。     

半干旱区糜子前氮后移技术验证试验

为了提高半干旱区糜子产量及肥料利用率,研究了前氮后移技术对糜子产量和土壤肥力状况的影响。结果表明:前氮后移技术比常规施肥技术增产4.04%,施肥量减少15.78%,化肥投入节省8.69%。应用前氮后移技术对降低化肥施用量和投入成本、减少环境污染、提高产量具有显著促进作用。     

糜子品种不同行距和不同密度处理下对其产量及农艺性状的影响

以糜子生产上正常行距33cm,留苗密度7万株/667m2为对照,研究糜子在不同宽行距处理下,667m2保苗3万株的稀播密度,是否能提高其产量的繁殖系数,试图找出一种较好的宽行距处理,从而在糜子的实际生产应用中以取代常规的窄行距,高密度种植,并且在糜子生产中得以大面的推广.     

复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子生长的补偿效应

为明确复水对糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,建立糜子抗旱节水栽培技术体系,以榆糜2号为试验材料,采用盆栽控水方式,研究复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特征的动态变化。结果表明,随胁迫程度的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,糜子功能叶片自下而上依次衰老,其叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升。复水后,中度水分胁迫拔节期复水效果最佳,糜子顶三叶叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD和POD活性分别比对照高出7.65%、4.20%、5.30和3.52%,表现出超补偿效应;开花期复水产生了等量补偿效应;重度水分胁迫条件下,拔节期复水对糜子叶片SOD、POD产生了部分补偿效应,对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量产生了等量补偿效应;开花期复水后各指标的补偿效果不明显。相关分析表明,糜子产量与生育后期各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关,与POD活性呈显著正相关,MDA含量与产量呈现显著负相关。拔节期复水对中度水分胁迫下糜子生长的补偿效应最佳。     

谷子抗除草剂基因的发现及其应用

谷子田间除草一直是阻碍谷子产业化发展的主要因素之一。谷子抗除草剂品种的出现,解决了谷子田间除草难的问题,有利于谷子大面积的栽培,使谷子产业化发展成为可能。本文围绕谷子抗除草剂基因的发现、类型和机理以及抗除草剂品种在谷子生产中的应用情况等方面进行阐述,探讨谷子抗除草剂应用对环境的影响,并对谷子抗除草剂研究中存在的问题及应用前景进行了展望。     

Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.