肉仔鸡对菜籽粕代谢能的评定及预测模型研究

旨在建立14及28日龄肉仔鸡对湖南省内6个不同地区菜籽粕表观代谢能（AME）和氮校正表观代谢能（AMEn）的预测方程。本试验共选取700羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,根据日龄进行两个阶段的试验。第一阶段（7~14日龄）选取420羽肉仔鸡随机分为7个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复6羽;第二阶段（21~28日龄）选取280羽肉仔鸡随机分为7个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复4羽。两个阶段中的7个处理组分别为6个不同地区的菜籽粕采用全替代法设计的试验饲粮组和1个无氮饲粮组。采用全收粪法测定14及28日龄肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的AME和AMEn,并通过回归分析建立预测方程。结果表明,14日龄肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的AME和AMEn分别为7.44和7.35 MJ·kg^-1,AME和AMEn最佳预测方程分别为AME=24.98-0.39NDF和AMEn=25.04-0.39NDF;28日龄肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的AME和AMEn分别为8.01和7.91 MJ·kg^-1,AME和AMEn最佳预测方程分别为AME=23.08-0.34NDF和AMEn=23.06-0.34NDF。本研究结果完善了肉仔鸡菜籽粕代谢能的数据库,为菜籽粕在畜禽饲粮中的应用提供了支撑。     

Combined effects of guanidinoacetic acid,coenzyme Q10 and taurine on growth performance,gene expression and ascites mortality in broiler chickens

High levels of guanidinoacetate acid (GAA) deteriorate growth response in broiler chickens. We propose using coenzyme Q₁₀, an antioxidant, and taurine (TAU), a methyl donor, to cope with the situation when high level of GAA included in diet. GAA was supplemented at 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and fed to broilers (Cobb 500) from 1 to 40 days post‐hatch. Three additional diets were prepared by adding CoQ₁₀ (40 mg/kg), TAU (40 mg/kg) or their combination (both CoQ₁₀ and TAU at 40 mg/kg) to the 2.25 g/kg GAA group. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. While weight gain (p = 0.038) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.024) improved when GAA added at 1.5 g/kg, higher supplementation (2.25 g/kg) deteriorated these responses. These responses, however, were significantly restored by using CoQ₁₀, TAU or their combination. Abdominal fat deposition was significantly decreased when TAU added to broiler diets by virtue of upregulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha. Supplementing broiler diets with CoQ₁₀ and TAU or their combination significantly decrease ascites mortality. In conclusion, CoQ₁₀ and TAU have shown beneficial effects when high level of GAA included in broiler diets.     

丁酸钠对彭县黄鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肠道微生物菌的影响研究

为比较添加不同浓度丁酸钠对地方家禽彭县黄鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肠道菌群的影响,选取健康且体重相近的100日龄彭县黄鸡(公鸡)共288羽,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复18羽。其中:S0为对照组,S1、S2、S3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.025%、0.05%和0.1%的丁酸钠。结果:日粮中添加0.05%的丁酸钠能显著提高彭县黄鸡105～152日龄阶段的增重、日增重和活重(P<0.05);当添加量在0.05%和0.1%水平时,能显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。日粮中添加0.05%的丁酸钠能显著提高腹脂重(P<0.05),显著降低腺胃重和腺胃率(P<0.05)。此外,日粮中添加不同水平丁酸钠对彭县黄鸡的肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸菌和沙门菌数量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加0.05%的丁酸钠可在一定程度上增加肠道双歧杆菌数量,降低沙门菌的数量。综合考虑,彭县黄鸡后期日粮中丁酸钠的适宜添加剂量为0.05%。     

不同处理玉米秸秆营养成分及其肉鸡表观代谢能评定

本试验旨在评价不同处理玉米秸秆营养成分及其肉鸡表观代谢能。选择40只42日龄健康AA商品肉鸡,随机分为8个处理,每个处理5只鸡。直接法分为3个处理组,分别为强饲15 g 100%未处理秸秆、50 g 100%糖化秸秆、50 g 100%酵母发酵秸秆;差量法分为5个处理组,即基础饲粮组和试验组。试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加4%、8%、12%糖化玉米秸秆和8%酵母发酵秸秆替代等量玉米。通过饲养试验验证差量法和直接法对糖化玉米秸秆代谢能测定的准确性。结果表明:与未处理玉米秸秆相比,糖化秸秆中还原糖和钙含量分别增加8.08倍和9.31倍(P<0.05);与糖化玉米秸秆相比,酵母发酵秸秆中还原糖降低78.69%(P<0.05),真蛋白提高29.64%(P<0.05),总氨基酸提高41.01%(P<0.05);通过直接法得出糖化玉米秸秆和酵母发酵玉米秸秆的表观代谢能分别为4.85、4.75 MJ/kg;差量法测定糖化玉米秸秆在饲粮中添加4%、8%和12%时表观代谢能分别为15.85、15.81、14.38 MJ/kg,高于酵母菌发酵玉米秸秆(P<0.05);通过饲养试验验证,差量法测定的表观代谢能结果可信。结果显示,糖化玉米秸秆代谢能高于酵母发酵秸秆和玉米,可以作为肉鸡的饲料能量原料。     

Genome‐wide association study for plasma very low‐density lipoprotein concentration in chicken

The plasma very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration is an effective blood biochemical indicator that could be used to select lean chicken lines. In the current study, we used Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) method to detect SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration. As a result, 38 SNPs significantly associated with plasma VLDL concentration were identified using at least one of the three mixed linear model (MLM) packages, including GRAMMAR, EMMAX and GEMMA. Nearly, all these SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration (except Gga_rs16160897) have significantly different allele frequencies between lean and fat lines. The 1‐Mb regions surrounding these 38 SNPs were extracted, and twelve important regions were obtained after combining the overlaps. A total of 122 genes in these twelve important regions were detected. Among these genes, LRRK2, ABCD2, TLR4, E2F1, SUGP1, NCAN, KLF2 and RAB8A were identified as important genes for plasma VLDL concentration based on their basic functions. The results of this study may supply useful information to select lean chicken lines.     

大豆肽在肉鸡饲料中的应用研究

试验选用180羽健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5羽。A组为空白对照, B组为添加抗生素（黄霉素5 mg/kg）试验组, C、D、E、F组分别为添加大豆活性肽0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% （固态,含活性肽40 g/kg）的试验组。试验结果表明,在生产性能上,大豆活性肽可显著提高肉仔鸡日增重和采食量,在提高屠宰率方面也有一定的作用;在经济效益上,大豆活性肽可以降低饲料成本,增加毛利润。因此,大豆活性肽可以有效应用于肉仔鸡生产中,其最适添加量为06%,优于使用抗生素（黄霉素5 mg/kg）。     

鸡肉和鸡肝中有机磷农药残留的检测

试验研究了鸡肌肉和肝脏组织中10种有机磷农药残留的气相色谱－火焰光度检测方法。用丙酮和二氯甲烷混合溶剂提取,磷酸缓冲溶液沉淀蛋白质等,凝胶色谱法去除剩余油脂等,用配有火焰光度检测器的气相色谱仪检测,外标法定量。在0.05、0.2、1 mg/kg添加水平,肌肉组织的平均添加回收率在74.2%～108.0％,变异系数在1.6%～17. 3%之间。肝脏组织的平均添加回收率在69.8%~103.0％,变异系数在1.0%～16.0 %之间。     

一例肾型鸡传染性支气管炎的诊断

2007年9月,郑州某鸡场发生一起疑似肾型鸡传染性支气管炎。将分离毒株接种20日龄肉鸡,于接种后第4 d出现精神不振、拉稀,第6 d出现死亡。分离病毒可致死部分鸡胚及产生卷曲胚,但不能凝集鸡红细胞,经1 %胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞。经过实验室检查结果结合流行病学调查、临床症状和剖检变化,初步诊断为肾型鸡传染性支气管炎。