豆杰添加不同助剂防除大豆田鸭跖草等阔叶杂草效果及安全性评价

为探讨豆杰添加不同助剂对大豆田阔叶杂草的防除效果及安全性,选用豆杰84WDG 22.5 g/hm2添加4种助剂Ecosurf SA-9、Triton X-100和Tergitol L-62、ULD-E于大豆出苗后喷施。结果表明：施药10天后目测各处理对大豆田鸭跖草、刺儿菜、苣买菜等的鲜重防效都达到了60%以上;但对藜、问荆无效,除ULD-E对大豆有触杀型药害,大豆叶部有黄裼色斑点外,其余3种助剂对大豆均安全。施药45天后各处理对各种杂草株防效均较差,对鸭跖草、刺儿菜的鲜重防效：豆杰+X-100分别达到89.7%、98.1%以上,豆杰+SA-9在95.9%、78.8%以上,豆杰+L-62在92.5%、97.2%以上,豆杰+ULD-E在91.5%、92.7%以上,各处理对苣荬菜的鲜重防效也较好,在85.2%以上,对苍耳、豨莶的防效均达到100%,各处理均好于豆杰单剂处理。从不同助剂的浓度看,以1000倍液对各杂草的防除效果最佳,其次是2000倍液,再次是500倍液。目测豆杰+助剂除草效果的依次为：Ecosurf SA-9> Triton X-100> Tergitol L-62 > ULD-E。     

Field evaluation of Sclerotium rolfsii, a biological control agent for broadleaf weeds in dry, direct-seeded rice

The fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii isolate SC64 is being assessed as the basis for a mycoherbicide for biological control of broadleaf weeds in dry-seeded rice fields. Species tested for susceptibility in the field included Cyperus difformis, Lindernia procumbens, Rotala rotundifolia, Ammannia baccifera and Eclipta prostrata. Following preliminary small plot field applications in summer 2008 and 2010, applications of fungus-infested solid substrates (mixture of rice hulls and bran) of 60-140 g m⁻² were conducted at two sites, Nantong and Rugao, in Jiangsu province, China in summer 2010. The sites included a one-year fallow field and a wheat-rice rotation field. Plant mortality was recorded 7 and 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Percentage mortality ranged from 50 to 89% and 30-71% in the 2008 and 2010 solarium small plot trials, respectively. At the Nantong site field trial, 30-60% plant mortality and 31-59% fresh weight reduction were recorded at 14 DAI when applied for the first time but the efficacy increased to 39-86% and 42-90% for plant mortality and fresh weight reduction at 14 DAI with a repeated application. Higher levels of plant mortality (42-77%) and fresh weight reduction (52-82%) were achieved at 14 DAI at the Rugao site with a single treatment, due to the lower weed density and more favourable temperature and humidity conditions at the time of pathogen application. Results confirmed that S. rolfsii SC64 is a potential biocontrol agent of some of the broadleaf weeds tested in dry-seeded rice.     

阔叶树苗圃化学除草技术的研究

在北京中林公司房山苗圃基地,用11种除草剂配方在塑料大棚杨树容器苗试验的基础上,对大田七个阔叶树种苗圃用12种除草剂配方分别进行土壤处理和茎叶处理,结果表明,用24%惠尔乳油,每667m2用商品量40-80ml作土壤处理,除草效果达95%以上;用10%咪唑喹啉酸水剂和30%草除灵乳油每667m2用商品量分别为15-25ml和56-76ml作茎叶处理,除草效果分别达81%和85%以上,对苗木生长安全。     

优良的野生阔叶草坪植物——肉果草

地被植物作为园林绿化的重要材料,日益被人们所重视,尤其是阔叶草坪植物的开发和利用,是目前园林工作者的重点。野生阔叶草坪与进口草坪相比,具备管理粗放、不需修剪、耐瘠薄的优势,并有逐步替代进口草坪的发展趋势。肉果草具有耐寒、耐践踏、观赏性和侵占能力极强的特点,是优良的阔叶草坪植物,具有较好的开发前景。     

10%乙羧氟草醚乳油防除夏花生田杂草的研究

试验结果表明 :10 %乙羧氟草醚乳油 75 0～ 90 0ml/hm2 药后 2 0天对杂草的防效为 83 .82 %～ 95 .5 9% ;药后 40天对杂草的防效为 89.92 %～ 94.96% ,鲜重防效为 90 .94%～ 99.10 % ;花生增产 12 .11%～ 15 .70 % ,比对照药剂 2 5 %灭草松乳油 15 0 0ml/hm2 增产作用 ( 7.40 % )明显。     

小兴安岭桃山林业局阔叶次生林胸径结构特征

对小兴安岭桃山林业局石长林场阔叶次生林胸径结构进行分析的结果表明,样地树种平均胸径变异系数为0．1～0．4,林木胸径分布与均值差距较小。每木检尺径阶分布是比较典型的反“J”型分布,径阶为4、6、8、10、12、14、16cm的林木株数较多。把试验地林木的株数对数化后使公式变形为线性的,可以看出拟合效果比较好,径阶大的株数较少,小径阶比例较高。标准地径级分布q值均值为1．25,没有进入到q值1．3～1．5的均匀区间,说明试验区不同株数径级分布不均匀,林分质量较差。     

四川地区水稻旱直播田除草剂筛选试验

为了筛选四川地区水稻旱直播田有效除草剂,本试验选用了噁唑酰草胺、氯氟吡氧乙酸、氟吡磺隆、双唑草腈、苄嘧磺隆、丁草胺和丁.苄复配剂进行防除杂草的筛选试验。结果表明,10%噁唑酰草胺乳油+20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油、1.8%双唑草腈水分散剂和35%丁.苄复配可湿性粉剂防除禾本科及阔叶类杂草总防效较好,30天总杂草的株防效和鲜重防效都达91%以上,并且对水稻苗安全性好,可在四川地区水稻旱直播田推广应用。     

Responses of the seedlings of five dominant tree species in Changbai Mountain to soil water stress

Soil water stress was studied on the potted seedlings of five dominant tree species (Pinus koraienes Sieb.et Zucc.,Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim, Tilia amurensis Rupr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) from the broadleaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Leaf growth, water transpiration and photosynthesis were compared for each species under three soil moisture conditions: 85%-100% (high water, CK), 65%-85% (Medium water, MW) and 45%-65% (low water, LW) of 37.4% water-holding capacity in field. The results showed that the characteristic of typical drought-resistance of the leaves is significantly developed. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica were higher in MW than those in CK. But for the other four species, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in CK were lower than those in MW and LW. The transpiration rate responding to soil moistures varied from species to soecies.     

12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果

为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。     

黑龙江省主要阔叶树种绿枝扦插的效果

2001年,在带岭林科所四公里落叶松种子园塑料大棚内进行了10个树种、3个采穗时期、3种插穗处理和15种基质1350个组合的绿枝扦插试验,结果表明：同一树种的不同采条时期、不同扦插处理、不同基质和不同树种的同一采条时期、同一扦插处理、同一基质的生根效果有差异,并有明显的交互作用。统计得出各树种最佳组合的生根率：刺五加80％;五味子70％;紫椴40％;花楸30％;水曲柳20％;黄菠萝20％;山槐20％％;山梨10％;春榆10％;胡桃楸0。