杂交大豆昆虫传粉及制种技术研究进展

经过科学家的共同努力,吉林省农科院于2002年审定了世界上第1个大豆杂交种杂交豆1号,并于2006年审定了第2个大豆杂交种。从2000年开始,在封闭及开放条件下,利用苜蓿切叶蜂、蜜蜂、花蓟马等昆虫媒体为大豆传粉,进行不育系繁育及杂交种制种技术的探讨。已经实现在网室内利用蜜蜂及切叶蜂传粉,配制大豆杂交组合和生产小批量杂交种子,不育系结实率达到55.9%～100%;开放条件下,在干旱、有灌溉条件的地区,利用蜜蜂及苜蓿切叶蜂传粉,不育系结实率达到50%～80%,制种产量获得了较理想的结果。吉林省农科院在吉林省西部及内蒙古东部干旱地区,建立了制种基地,进行了较大面积的大豆不育系扩繁及杂交种制种试验,制种技术基本成熟。     

A3 CMS在甜高粱育种中的可行性研究

以5个高粱不育系、6个甜高梁杂交种和甜格雷兹为材料,通过对茎秆含糖量和鲜重的测定分析,研究利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种的可行性。结果表明：同核异质不育系在茎秆含糖量方面差异不显著,同核异质杂交种在茎秆产量上差异不显著,但茎秆含糖量差异显著,A3杂交种的含糖量明显优于A1杂交种。认为,利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种是可行的。     

Breeding for organic agriculture: the example of winter wheat in Austria

Breeding for organic agriculture (BFOA) is a strategy for a commercial breeding company based on the exploitation of the frequently observed high correlation for many traits between conventional, low input (LI) and organic agriculture (ORG). Indirect selection under LI can be useful to roughly divide the germplasm into the genotypes better adapted to high input and those better adapted to LI or ORG conditions. BFOA is an evolving process, in which two methods are currently applied: early generations are either selected following the pedigree system under LI, or grown as bulk populations on ORG fields. In the latter case the system switches to LI after individual ear selection under ORG conditions. In both methods, the first replicated yield trial is grown parallel under ORG and LI. Subsequently, the genotypes are grouped into conventional or ORG advanced trial series. The BFOA strategy allows that the larger genetic variability of both the organic and conventional gene pool can be exploited in the selection for ORG. Hitherto, seven winter wheat varieties were released in Austria after exclusive organic VCU testing.     

施氮量对高产早稻氮素利用特征及产量形成的影响

以高产早稻组合陆两优996(两系)和金优463(三系)为材料, 通过不同的氮肥施用量对其氮素吸收特征、群体结构及产量形成进行了研究。结果表明: (1) 施氮有利于增加叶片叶绿素含量以及茎、叶、穗中的氮素含量, 提高叶面积指数, 促进齐穗期以前特别是分蘖盛期至齐穗期的干物质生产和氮素积累。施氮量增加, 分配到茎和叶中氮素的量及比例增加, 干物质生产效率和稻谷生产效率下降。(2) 每穗粒数和有效穗数是影响双季早稻产量的最主要因素, 适量施氮可以提高临界茎重以上的茎蘖比例, 增加每穗粒数。过量施氮会抑制水稻的前期分蘖, 降低临界茎重以上的茎蘖比例, 使每穗粒数降低, 同时影响后期特别是乳熟期以后的物质生产和氮素吸收。本试验条件下, 穗型较大、株型紧凑的组合陆两优996, 施氮量以225 kg hm^-2为宜; 而分蘖力较强、穗型较小、株型较松散的组合金优463, 施氮量以180 kg hm^-2为宜。     

陕西卫矛夏季嫁接试验

试验表明:陕西卫矛用丝绵木为砧木,在生长季节截头插皮枝接比芽接成活率高出24%,冠形好,成型更快,是一种高效的好方法.     

New Varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr. and Breeding Techniques

The main morphological characteristics,producing area and growth characteristics of sixteen new varieties of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) are reported,aiming at providing reference for breeding and extension of new varieties.     

河南省玉米育种存在问题、解决途径及发展方向

对河南省玉米育种现状进行了分析,提出河南省玉米育种存在的主要问题。①品种模式单一,种质基础狭窄;②重视产量性状,忽视抗逆性状;③品种审定多,推广应用少;④追求优质,存在误区。针对存在的问题提出了解决的途径,对玉米育种目标和发展方向进行了探讨。     

玉米抗病性遗传改良

In this paper the main diseases of corn were elaborated on: Corn northern leaf blight,Corn southern leaf blight,Corn head smut,Corn smut,Corn stem rot(Corn stalk rot),Curvularia leaf spot of Corn,Gray leaf spot of Corn,Corn rust disease.Dwarf mosaic disease of Corn,Corn ear rot and their pathogens and prevalence.It indicted the genetic characteristics of resistance and research progress,the collection and screening of resistant resourses,the breeding and improvement methods of resistant varieties.     

我国玉米单倍体育种技术研究进展

介绍了我国玉米单倍体产生途径、鉴定方法以及加倍方法的研究进展,并对单倍体技术在玉米育种中的应用价值进行了概述。