Molecular detection of important abortion-causing microorganisms in preputial swab of breeding bucks using PCR-based assays

Infectious diseases and aetiological agents related to female reproductive systems were extensively covered compared to its male counterpart. There needs a proper study to bridge this gap, where microflora and infectious agents of both male and female reproductive are mutually intelligible. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of the preputial cavity and also screened for abortion-causing agents which are zoonotic as well. In goats, such types of abortions are caused by Brucella melitensis, Chlamydophila, Campylobacter and Coxiella etc. One of the major sources of contamination of semen is the preputial cavity, which is exposed to the external environment leading to spread of infection into the female via semen straws or by natural service. In the current study, good quality bucks (n = 32, Barbari = 12, Jamunapari = 10, Jakhrana = 10) which were routinely used for semen collection were screened for their preputial swabs, for the presence of the above pathogens. For detection of Brucella melitensis, OMP31 based TaqMan® probe real-time PCR assay was used, and for Chlamydia, 16srRNA gene based SYBR® green real-time PCR assay was employed for detection of Chlamydophila abortus. While for Campylobacter spp. and Coxiella burnetii, 16srRNA gene based conventional PCR and Trans-PCR were used, respectively. In the current study, of the screened preputial swabs, none of them showed positive for Brucella and Coxiella, but of the screened 32 samples 17 showed positive for Chlamydia (53.13%) and two (6.25%) showed positive for Campylobacter spp. The current study emphasizes on the farms and laboratories which were regularly involved in screening of brucellosis also often overlook the other potential non-brucella pathogens, causing abortions eventually incurring severe economic losses to the goat keepers.     

建国以来中国高粱发展历程及发展趋势

高粱以其高产、抗旱、耐瘠、耐涝、耐盐碱的特性及秆、穗的多种用途 ,历史上一直是中国北方人民赖以生活的重要作物 ,已有 5 0 0 0年的栽培历史。 2 0世纪初至今 ,中国高粱生产大体经过了自然品种利用、杂种优势利用及栽培目的转型三个阶段。中国的高粱品种改良始于 2 0世纪初叶 ,当时仅有少数农业科研和教学单位进行高粱品种的收集、保存和研究工作。 5 0年代以后 ,全国各科研单位在系统选育新品种的基础上普遍开展杂交育种工作 ,育成不少新品种在生产上大面积推广利用。 80年代是中国高粱育种全面发展时期 ,同时也是高粱生产的转型期 ,育种目标逐步向专用型调整 ,酿造、饲用等专用高粱品种相继问世和推广 ,对酿造业和畜牧业的发展产生了积极的作用。     

Effect of the Depth of Insertion of the Thermometer on the Rectal Temperature of Donkeys During the Hot-Dry Season in a Tropical Savannah

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the depth of insertion and environmental parameters on the rectal temperature (RT) in donkeys during the hot-dry season in a tropical savannah zone of Nigeria. The experimental subjects were comprised of thirty donkeys divided into three groups based on age: group I, 10 foals (40.67 ± 2.20 kg; 1.50 ± 0.02 months); group II, 10 yearlings (91.53 ± 0.54 kg; 1.51 ± 0.01 years); and group III, 10 adults (140 ± 0.71 kg; 8.03 ± 0.06 years). Each group was divided into 5 male and 5 female donkeys. Measurements of the RT were recorded with a digital thermometer probe (model HI935007, Hanna Instruments), which was inserted into the rectum at varying depths of 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 cm in the same animal in each group. There was a gradual increase in the RT in donkeys as the depth of insertion was increased from 3.5 cm (36.60°C) to 14 cm (38.40°C). Data obtained from the study were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test to compare mean values between different depths of RT measurements. Overall, there was a variation in the RT by the depth of insertion with the shallow depth of 3.5 cm having a lower RT than the depths of 7, 10.5, and 14 cm. The variation of the RT observed in donkeys showed that there is need to standardize the probe-insertion depth in veterinary clinical practice for accurate measurement of the RT in donkeys in the Northern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria.     

甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子新种质的创新

 采用目标性状基因库育种法培育出甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)新种质超早熟1号，该品种具有以下突出特点：（1）超早熟，生育期间仅需有效积温1 550℃左右，在海拔1 600 m以上的河北省坝头地带正常成熟，突破谷子"育成种"栽培的禁区，将我国谷子种植界限大大北移；（2）多穗，该品种不但具有分蘖成穗特性，而且中下部节间可产生多个分枝穗，是少有的谷子多穗型新种质；（3）秸秆甜、含糖量高，其秸秆全糖、可溶性糖、还原糖含量分别高出同产地普通品种74.8%、200.5%、237.2%；（4）粗蛋白含量高，高于普通品种3.9%～30.4%；（5）粒色可变，在石家庄种植为红谷，在河北省坝上种植为黄谷；该品种还具有优质高产综合性状优良的特点。     

杂交早稻亲本的评价和利用研究

以6个不育系作母本和7个恢复系作父本交叉配组的42个组合为材料,系统观测了产量性状、品质性状和生育期,分析了亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差.根据试验结果,进行综合评价,并对其如何利用提出了建议.     

扬稻系列品种（组合）特性、系谱、育种方法和推广应用分析

通过对31个扬稻系列品种(组合)特性、系谱组成、育种方法和推广应用的综合分析,阐明了扬稻系列品种(组合)选育的基本经验:根据生产需求和发展形势,分析主客观条件,抓住主要矛盾,寻求切入点,确定“四稻并举、总体提高、重点突破”的育种策略,运用综合育种方法,不断推出适用品种。分析扬稻系列品种(组合)系谱,骨干亲本集中。如常规籼稻基础亲本为BG90-2;杂交籼稻注重籼粳亚种优势利用,育成的恢复系中百分之八十融入广亲和材料02428的血缘。常规籼稻选育采用“搭梯上楼”的育种方法,以基础亲本为主干,融合优良性状,提高综合性能;籼型恢复系选育则采用优势叠加的方法,实行优势互补,完善品种性能。根据“个体看匀称、群体看协调、机能看熟相”的多年育种经验,在不同世代对茎系、叶系、穗系进行各有侧重的选择。建立定型品系的小群体(10m2)鉴定圃,构建选择群体,进行综合性状的评估鉴定,提高选择的准确性。对杂交籼稻组合的选育,建立两个程序:对恢复系进行严格鉴定筛选,主要性状超过主栽杂交组合;对杂交组合进行大量测配鉴定,综合比较优势。对育成品种进行后续加工,利用剩余变异,改造种性缺陷。利用扬州与海南两个大跨度的生态区进行多世代适应性选择。在品种推广应用中,组织多学科、多区域、多层次、多领域协作,总体规划,分步实施,育、繁、推一体化,试验、示范、推广相结合,以点带面,逐步推开,实行跟踪服务,并注重信息反馈,着重抓了6方面工作:①多点示范,扩大应用范围。②配套技术同步进行,提高增产效益。③加强科普,提高技术普及率。④加强提纯复壮,提供优良种源。⑤建立产业链式开发技术体系。⑥强化知识产权保护,规范种子市场秩序。     

我国谷子育种目标的演变与发展趋势

回顾了我国谷子育种目标的演变,针对市场需要提出了近期我国谷子育种的重点与技术指标,并对未来的育种目标演变作出了预测。     

早熟杂交中籼新组合矮优L011的选育及其应用

矮优Ｌ０１１系安徽省农科院水稻所于１９８９年育成的早熟杂交中籼及双季晚籼新组合，可作双晚种植。恢复Ｌ１０１１是从皖引４号中系选出的；不育系矮Ａ是１９８７年育成的。该组合全生育期１２５天左右，平均亩产４３４．６～５１７．７ｋｇ，比汕优６４增产４．５％～１９．１９％。中抗稻瘟病，轻感白叶枯病。１９９４年４月通过安徽省农作物品审会审定，定名为“皖稻５３号”。     

甘蓝型油菜高产双低三系杂交种川油33的选育

川油33为甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育(CMS)高产双低杂交新品种,原品种代号为杂-9,不育系为JA8,保持系为JB8,恢复系为JR8。川油33杂交优势强,综合性状好,双低品质优,丰产性突出,产量高,含油量高,熟期适中,适应性广,抗(耐)病性强。在四川省油菜新品种区域试验中,2003年8个试验点平均产量2350.5kg/hm2,比对照蜀杂6号增产12.58%(极显著);2004年9个试验点平均产量2314.5kg/hm2,比对照蜀杂6号增产9.98%(极显著)。在2003~2004年度组织五点(成都、绵阳、什邡、南充和内江)生产试验,平均产量2200.5kg/hm2,比对照蜀杂6号增产16.2%(极显著)。杂交种子芥酸0.1%,硫甙22.89μmol/g饼,含油率(干基)40.81%。商品菜籽芥酸1.02%,硫甙27.82μmol/g饼,含油率(干基)39.0%。中抗病毒病和菌核病。平均全生育日数215d,比CK蜀杂6号早熟1~2d。2004年10月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定并被列为四川省主推品种