浅谈林区公路建设与生态环境保护

概述了林区公路建设对生态环境的影响,并就在林区公路建设中实施生态环境保护,提出了若干建议。     

我国木质林产品贸易与森林生态安全耦合度研究

“两头在外”是我国林产品贸易的典型特征, 它意味着对国内和国外森林资源的大量消耗。木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全的协调是开放条件下实现我国森林可持续发展的必经之路。文中运用耦合理论研究1961-2010年我国木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全之间的协调问题, 结论认为:1)2004之前森林生态安全指数高于木质林产品贸易指数, 2005-2008年则低于木质林产品贸易指数, 1991年之后木质林产品贸易指数的波动幅度显著大于森林生态安全指数。2)1961-1999年森林生态安全指数与木质林产品贸易指数的协调状态在初级协调和勉强协调之间波动; 2000年之后二者的协调进入稳定阶段, 并在2003年由初级协调进入中级协调阶段。     

城市空间规划的后现代策略

对后现代时期城市空间规划策略进行了分析,指出了后现代城市空间规划思想的核心逐渐由强调功能理性转变为向人性、文化、自然等多元价值的回归,期望对当代中国城市建设提供启发。     

简述我国生态环境的规划与保护

我国生态形势十分严峻,以土地退化、水生态失调、植被破坏和生物多样性锐减为主要特征的生态问题,呈加速发展趋势。生态破坏如果得不到有效遏制,将影响民族的生存和繁衍,危及国家安全,对社会经济的可持续发展产生深远的影响。生态环境规划作为国民经济与社会发展在空间布局上的一种有效手段,是解决经济发展与环境保护矛盾的重要途径之一,同时也是可持续发展思想的集中体现。     

Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae of H. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome of A. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. tordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, Adosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.     

Short Root Densities and Surface Phosphatase Activities of Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes in a Slash Pine Plantation

Abstract

Mineralization is the dominant process controlling soil-solution P in the Spodosols of the southeastern United States. Pine trees growing in these soils are typically colonized by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi that are known to produce phosphatases. Little, however, is known of the dynamics of EM short roots or phosphatase activity in tree plantations. To address this question, short root densities, EM morphotypes, and associated surface acid phosphomonoesterase in a 12-year-old Pinus elliottii plantation in northern Florida were evaluated. The density of total (living and dead) short roots changed little from February through June, with a mean of 7.6 cm³ soil. The majority of the short roots, however, were inactive or dead with only 14 to 38% appearing viable upon visual inspection. The majority of the viable short roots were mycorrhizal. The most abundant morphotypes were formed by Cenococcum and Thelephora but these had low phosphatase activity. In contrast, less frequently observed morphotypes had substantially higher rates of enzyme production and these may play an important role in sustainable P nutrition of plantation trees.     

基于水系生态保护的林业调查规划研究

以水系林业生态保护为目标,采用问题研究与目标导向相结合、规划研究与实施应用相结合的技术路线,全面调查分析了沂蒙山区水系分布状况及林业资源现状,进行了以水系林业生态保护为目的林业生态建设区域和类型划分,开展了重点区位水系林业生态保护专项研究与专项规划设计。     

流域生态补偿模式分析及优化对策探讨

指出了我国对流域生态补偿已有不少研究和探索,在实施流域生态补偿的实践中探索出了不同的补偿模式。对不同的流域生态补偿模式进行了具体研究,探讨了我国流域生态补偿模式中存在的问题,以期为更好地实施流域生态补偿提供理论依据和决策支持。     

森林生态资源配置中的市场失灵及其对策

森林生态系统是地球上最大的陆地生态系统。森林生态体系建设中的公益林,具有公共物品非排他性和非排斥性的特征,由此带来的外在性是市场失灵的一个重要因素,它将导致生态资源配置的长期低效。只有较好地化解市场失灵,才能有效地协调生态效益与经济效益,确保我国森林生态体系建设的优质与高效。本文通过对森林生态建设中市场失灵的分析,提出了产权结合,科斯定理,生态质量等级价格等对策,以修正市场的部分失灵。并探讨了木材价格变动对生态供给的影响,进而提出当木材价格变动时应适时调整生态质量价格,以保证有效的生态供给     

龙口自然保护区生态特征及评价

根据保护区的概况和保护类型,论述了保护区的保护价值、保护区的自然生态特征,并对保护区进行了综合评价。